Exam (elaborations)
NR601 Midterm Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
- Course
- Institution
NR601 Midterm Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
[Show more]
Content preview
NR601 Midterm Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%Verified
What are the 3 primary physiological changes of aging? - 1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body
systems, esp. cardiac, resp, renal.
2. Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust regulatory systems (i.e. temp control, fluid/lyte
balance, etc.).
3. Impaired immunological function (infection risk is greater, autoimmune dz's more prevalent)
What is the preferred amount of exercise for elderly? - 30min/day 5 days/wk of moderate exercise.
If trying to lose wt: 60min/day.
What are PFTs? - Group of tests that provide quantifiable measurement of lung function, used to dx resp
abnormalities or assess progression/resolution of lung dz.
What is FEV1? - Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (80-120%)
What is FVC? - Forced Vital Capacity (80-120%)
,What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio? - <0.7 (70%)
What is GOLD 1 criteria? - Mild
FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
What is GOLD 2 criteria? - Moderate
FEV1 50-79% predicted
What is GOLD 3 criteria? - Severe
FEV1 30-49% predicted
What is GOLD 4 criteria? - Very severe
FEV1 <30% predicted
What are the signal symptoms of COPD? - Dyspnea
Chronic cough w/sputum
Decreased activity tolerance
Wheezing
,What are characteristics of COPD? - Common, preventable, treatable.
Characterized by persistent airflow limitation.
Usually progressive, associated with enhanced chronic inflammatory response in airways and lungs to
noxious particles/gases
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation, increased airway resistance, small airway dz.
Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
What are risk factors for COPD? - Smoking (increasing w/number of pack years)
Second hand smoke
Environmental pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, mineral dust)
What is seen on phys exam in COPD? - May be normal in early states
, As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, decreased breath sounds, wheezes at bases, distant heart
tones (b/c of hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds off in distance), accessory muscle use, pursed lip breathing,
increased expiratory phase, neck vein distention.
How is COPD diagnosed? - Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post bronchodilator).
Irreversible airflow limitation is hallmark.
How is COPD treated? - Bronchodilators: beta agonists (long/short), anticholinergics (long/short), or
combo.
What is the MOA of beta agonists? - Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors, increasing cyclic AMP,
resulting in relaxing airways.
What is the MOA of anticholinergics? - Block the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic type 3 receptors,
resulting in bronchodilation.
Why are long-acting beta agonists prescribed for COPD? - They are for moderate airflow limitation.
They relieve symptoms, increase exercise tolerance, reduce number of exacerbations, improve QOL.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller oneclass. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.48. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76202 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now