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PSY 658 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET
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PSY 658 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET...
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PSY 658 FINAL EXAM STUDY SETPeer relationships - gender differences - ANSWER -Girls: Emotional closeness is
more common; focus on communal concerns; but may lead to more mulling over of
problems, making these friendships shorter duration than boys
-Boys: more often gather for an activity (sports and competitive games); focus on
achievement and status. Boys' friendship quality is more variable; masculine
stereotypes are thought to interfere with these bonds
Early dating - ANSWER -hormonal changes of puberty increase sexual interest
-recreation & achieving peer status are early reasons for dating
-typically shallow, stereotyped
-culture, attachment, and parental models all impact
-perhaps bc it's shallow and stereotyped, early dating is related to drug use,
delinquency, and poor academic achievement -->combined with w/uninvolved
parenting & aggressive families, leads to dating violence (10-20%
physically/sexually abused by dating partners)
-better to stick with group activities at first
Erikson's Intimacy vs Isolation stage - ANSWER -evident in young person's
thoughts and feelings about making a long-term commitment to an intimate partner
and in close, mutually gratifying friendships
-intimacy requires giving up some of the independent self and redefining identity to
include both partners' values and interests
-without intimacy: loneliness and self-absorption
-secure identity fosters the attainment of intimacy
-identity moratorium is negatively associated with fidelity and love
-with a sense of isolation, one hesitates to form close ties for fear of loss of one's
own identity; tend to compete rather than cooperate, not accept differences, feel
, threatened by getting too close
Romantic partners (early adulthood) - ANSWER -people usually select partners
who resemble themselves in other ways: attitudes, personality, educational plans,
intelligence, mental health, physical attractiveness, height
-Opposites usually do not attract/stay together
-both sexes emphasize mutual attraction, caring, dependability, emotional maturity,
pleasing disposition; men emphasize physical attractiveness, women emphasize
earning capacities (hetero/homo same)
What does pragmatic thought allow for - ANSWER -Adulthood involves
movement from hypothetical to pragmatic thought, a structural advance where
logic becomes a tool for solving real-world problems
-Need to specialize motivates this change--must *accept contradictions* as part of
existence and develop ways of thinking that thrive on imperfection and
compromise
From slides:
Change and context-dependent principles rather than conformity and lack of
context
Pragmatics of situation, emotional, and social factors rather than logic alone
Need life experience and cognitive maturity to make commitments and specialize
PLAN B -COMPROMISES in decision-making that include conflict and
imperfections
The three stages of vocational development - ANSWER 1. Fantasy period: early &
middle childhood: children gain insight into career options by fantasizing about
them. Preferences guided largely by familiarity, glamour, excitement, and bear
little relation to actual ultimate decisions.
2. Tentative period: 11-16, adolescents think of their interests and then become
more aware of their abilities and values.
3. Realistic period: start narrowing options; exploration and then crystallization
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