Exam (elaborations)
BIOL 235 Chapter 19 (142 questions with 100- correct answers)
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BIOL 235 Chapter 19 (142 questions with 100- correct answers)
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BIOL 235 Chapter 19(142 questions with
100% correct answers)
What is blood? - answer liquid connective tissue
that consists of cells surrounded by a liquid
extracellular matrix called blood plasma, which
suspends various cells and cell fragments
What is interstitial fluid? - answer fluid that
bathes body cells and is constantly renewed by the
blood
What are the functions of blood? - answer
Transportation
Regulation
Protection
What is transportation (blood)? - answer
transports oxygen from the lungs to cells and
carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs,
,carries nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract to
body cells and hormones from endocrine glands to
body cells, also transports heat and waste
products to various organs for elimination
What is regulation (blood)? - answer helps
maintain homeostasis of all body fluids, uses
buffers to regulate pH, adjusts body temperature
through heat absorbing and cooling properties of
the water in blood plasma and its variable rate of
flow through the skin, excess heat can be lost from
the blood to the environment, osmotic pressure
influences the water content of cells through the
interaction of dissolved ions and proteins
What is protection (Blood)? - answer can clot to
protect against excessive loss of blood after an
injury, white blood cells protect from diseases
through phagocytosis, blood proteins, including
antibodies, interferons and complement, help
protect against diseases
Describe the physical characteristics of blood. -
answer More viscous than water
temperature: 38 C
pH: slightly alkaline, 7.35-7.45
,Bright red when saturated with oxygen, dark red
when unsaturated with oxygen, constitutes about
20% all ECF and 8% of the total body mass. 5-6
liters in males and 4-5 liters in females
What are the components of blood? - answer
Plasma: watery extracellular matrix that contains
dissolved substances
Formed elements: cells and cell fragments
45% formed elements to 55% blood plasma
What is the buffy coat? - answer A layer between
the more dense red blood cells and less dense
blood plasma in a centrifuged blood sample
What is plasma? - answer liquid, straw-colored
portion of the blood, 91.5% water and 8.5%
solutes, of which 7% by weight are proteins
What are the plasma proteins? - answer Proteins
confined to the blood plasma, synthesized by liver
cells (hepatocytes)
, What are albumins? - answer plasma protein
synthesized by hepatocytes, smallest and most
abundant plasma protein, helps maintain osmotic
pressure, important factor in the exchange of
fluids across blood capillary walls
What are globulins? - answer Large plasma
proteins, immunoglobulins help attack viruses and
bacteria, alpha and beta globulin transport iron,
lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
What is fibrinogen? - answer Large protein that
plays a role in blood clotting
What are antibodies or immunoglobulins? - answer
produced during certain immune responses,
bacteria and viruses stimulate production of
millions of different antibodies, they bind
specifically to the antigen that stimulated its
production, disabling the antigen
What are formed elements? - answer red blood
cells, white blood cells, platelets
What are red blood cells? - answer transport
oxygen from the lungs to body cells and CO2 from
body cells to lungs
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