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Metastasis correct answers Movement of bacteria or body cells, especially cancer cells, from one part of the body to the other, typically by way of the circulatory system Anaplastic correct answers has lost its cell definition and function Hyperplasia correct answers Overproliferation of norm...

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  • August 25, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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HPEX 353 - Chapter 5 Cancer || with 100% Verified
Solutions.
Metastasis correct answers Movement of bacteria or body cells, especially cancer cells, from one
part of the body to the other, typically by way of the circulatory system

Anaplastic correct answers has lost its cell definition and function

Hyperplasia correct answers Overproliferation of normal cells within a normal tissue structure

Dysplasia correct answers Alteration in size, shape, and organization of mature cells

Carcinoma in situ correct answers Malignant cell changes in the epithelial tissue that do not
extend beyond the basement membrane; "cancer in place"

Carcinogen correct answers Any substance or agent that can produce cancer

-carcinogens include many kinds of chemicals and certain kinds of high-frequency radiation such
as ultraviolet and ionizing radiation that damage the DNA

ETIOLOGY OF CANCER correct answers - Research indicates that all cancers arise because of
complex alterations in DNA that result in unrestrained cellular proliferation

- Generally, there is a progressive evolution of cancer cells through different states - hyperplasia,
dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and carcinomas that metastasize.

OTHER FACTORS THAT CAN INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER correct
answers - AGE: many cancers are more common as a person ages because cell mutations often
take a long time to develop into cancer cells. (55% of cancers are diagnosed after age 65)

-GENETICS: a person may be born with genetic mutations or have less ability to prevent the
cells from mutating into cancer.

-IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE: Individuals with depresses immune systems are more likely
to have cancer. Cancers related to immune system dysfunction are: (caused by viruses such as
those seen in cervical, liver, and stomach cancers and cancers of the genital or anal area AND
lymphomas which can result of chronic infections or transplanted organs)

-BODY WEIGHT & DIET: obesity puts an individual at higher risk. Alcohol abuse = liver,
rectal, and breast cancers

-EXERCISE & PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: decrease incidence of breast and colorectal cancer

, -ENVIRONMENT: tobacco smoke (second hand), sun rays, natural and man-made radiation,
asbestos, and workplace hazards. Asbestos = mesothelioma, lung cancer, and cancers of the
larynx and kidneys.

-VIRUSES: can alter the cells' genetic makeup. includes HPV, HEP B, HEP C, EBV, HIV
Chronic HEP B & C = Liver cancer
EBV = Lymphoma
HPV = Cervical cancers

-BACTERIAL INFECTIONS: Chronic infections are related to about 20% of cancers. Some
kinds of digestive bacteria can increase the risk of both stomach and bowel cancer

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CANCERS (Carcinomas) correct answers -Largest group
-Solid tumors of epithelial tissue of external and internal body surfaces
-Found in the breast, colon, liver, lung, prostate, and stomach

-OMA = Benign -CARCINOMA = Malignant

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CANCERS (Sarcomas) correct answers -Less common
-arise from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle, and cartilage

-OMA = Benign -SARCOMA = Malignant

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CANCERS (Blood and Lymph) correct answers -include leukemia,
Hodgkin disease, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

LEUKEMIA: arise from the body's blood-forming tissues within the bone marrow
CHRONIC ACUTE
-c. lymphocytic leu - a. myeloblastic leu
-c. myelocytic leu -a. lymphocytic leu
- hairy cell leukemia

Survival rate higher for those with chronic

HODGKIN DISEASE: is a cancer of the lymphatic system and is characterized by an unusual
giant cell, the REED-STERNBERG CELL
- greatly weaken the body's immune system and is evidenced by painless enlargement of lymph
nodes or spleen

NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS: more common than hodgkin disease.
- painless node swelling
-two categories: fast growing and agressive & slow growing and indolent

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS correct answers -Unexplained weight loss of 10 pounds or more
(pancreas, stomach, esophagus, and lung)
-Fatigue that does not get better with rest

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