Lordosis correct answers lower spine or lumbar area
Kyphosis correct answers upper thoracic vertebrae
Scoliosis correct answers spine, either left or right
Osteoporosis correct answers Description: Metabolic bone disease.
Women over age 50, postmenopausal
• Proportion of bone mineral t...
VCU HPEX 353 Exam 2 || A+ Graded Already.
Lordosis correct answers lower spine or lumbar area
Kyphosis correct answers upper thoracic vertebrae
Scoliosis correct answers spine, either left or right
Osteoporosis correct answers Description: Metabolic bone disease.
Women over age 50, postmenopausal
• Proportion of bone mineral to bone matrix
normal. Bone composition abnormal
• Bones become brittle, porous and
vulnerable. Decrease calcium and
phosphate in bones
• Hereditary? Possible other factors:
Calcium intake, diet, alcohol
consumption, Vit D deficiency, estrogen
deficiency, etc.
SYMPTOMS:
*Asymptomatic
• Fractures
• Bone pain (lower back)
• Loss of height
• Kyphosis
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
• DEXA
• Blood test for mineral content
TREATMENTS:
• Increase intake of Ca, P and multivitamins
• Exercise
Osteomyelitis correct answers DESCRIPTION: Acute and chronic infection of the bone forming
tissue.
• Edema, inflammation and circulatory congestion of the bone marrow
• Associated with trauma and bacterial infection (Staphylococcus aureus)
SYMPTOMS:
*bone affected and mo
• Sudden onset of fever
• Chills
• Malaise
• Sweating
• Pain
• Swelling over the affected bone
• Fatigue
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
,• Physical examination
• Blood culture for mo
• X-rays and MRI
• Bone biopsy
TREATMENTS:
• Antibiotics
• Tissue and bone grafts
• Analgesics
Osteoarthritis correct answers DESCRIPTION: Chronic inflammatory
process of the joints and bones that results
in degeneration of joint cartilage and bones
that results in degeneration.
• Idiopathic (autoimmune?
environmental?) and trauma related
SYMPTOMS:
• Joint pain
• Swelling
• Crepitations
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
• Physical examination
• X-ray
TREATMENTS:
*uncured
• Antiinflammatories
• Physical activity restriction
• Local heat
• Physical therapy
Rheumatoid Arthritis correct answers DESCRIPTION: Chronic, systemic,
inflammatory disease affecting the
synovial membranes of multiple
joints.
• Autoimmune disease
(genetic predisposition)
SYMPTOMS:
• Joint pain
• Malaise
• low-grade fever
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
• Rheumatoid factor blood test
• ESR
• CBC
• Synovial fluid analysis
Gout / Gout Arthritis correct answers DESCRIPTION: Chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism
Uric acid (crystals) appear in the synovial
fluid of joints (tophi)
• Men (> 30 yo) > Women (menopause)
• Metabolic (genetic) and/or renal (renal
problem to clear uric acid)
• Risk factors: obesity, alcohol consumption,
aspirin, low thyroid function
SYMPTOMS:
• Sudden onset of joint pain (*big toes)
• Hyperuricemia (high urea in the blood)
• Tophi
• Renal dysfunction
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
• Identification of urate crystals in joint fluids
• Urinalysis (*hyperuricemia)
• ESR
• X-rays (damage joints) and physical examination
TREATMENTS:
• Bed rest
• Local heat or cold
• Analgesics
• Corticosteroids (oral or IM)
• Diet + fluids
PROGNOSIS:
• Good
• Complications:
• Kidney stones
• Renal damage
• Hypertension
Plantar Fasciitis correct answers DESCRIPTION: Irritation of the plantar fascia ligament (on the
bottom of the foot).
• Inflammation, swelling and pain when standing or walking
• Associated with straining and tearing of the fascia (due to high arches,
obesity, pregnancy, standing/walking/running for long periods of time,
excessive pronation.
SYMPTOMS:
• Pain and stiffness of the feet
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
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