Exam (elaborations)
HCS 212 Exam Latest Update
- Course
- Institution
HCS 212 Exam Latest Update ...
[Show more]
Content preview
HCS 212 Exam Latest UpdateThe skeletal system is made of: - Answer - skeletal bones
- cartilage
- ligaments
- connective tissue to stabilize the skeleton
- bones are dynamic organs, which consist of several tissue types
Functions of the skeletal system - Answer - support
- provides the framework for the attachment of other organs
- mineral storage
- calcium ions: 98% of the body's calcium ions are in the bones
phosphate ions
- blood cell production
- bone marrow produces erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
- leverage
- muscles pull on the bones to produce movement
- protection
- ribs protect the heart and lungs
- skull protects the brain
- vertebrae protect the spinal cord
- pelvic bones protect the reproductive organs
Collagen fibers - Answer - make up 2/3 of the bone matrix
- contribute to the tensile strength of bones
- collagen and hydroxyapatite make bone tissue extremely strong
Bone (osseos tissue) - Answer - supporting connective tissue
- specialized cells
- solid matrix
, - outer lining
- called the periosteum
- inner lining
called the endosteum
The histological organization of mature bone - Answer - the matrix
- collagen phosphate eventually converts to hydroxyapatite crystals
hydroxyapatite crystals resist compression
Structure of bone - Answer - bone cells
- osteocysts
- osteoblasts
- osteoprogenitor cells
- osteoclasts
Bone cells - Answer Contribute only 2% of the bone mass
Osteocytes - Answer - mature bone cells
- maintain the protein and mineral content of the matrix
Osteoblasts - Answer - immature bone cells
- found on the inner and outer surfaces of the bones
- produce osteoid, which is involved in making the matrix
- osteoblasts are involved in making new bone
- this process is called osteogenesis
- osteoblasts can convert to osteocytes
Osteoprogenitor cells - Answer - found on the inner and outer surfaces of bones
- differentiate to form new osteoblasts
- heavily involved in the repair of bones after a break
Osteoclasts - Answer - secrete acids, which dissolve the bone thereby causing the
release of stored calcium ions and phosphate ions into the blood
- this process is called osteolysis
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Flat. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81311 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now