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Bio 172 Exam 4 Questions
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Bio 172 Exam 4 Questions Bio 172 Exam 4 Questions Bio 172 Exam 4 Questions
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Bio 172 Exam 4 Questionsa. They are absolutely dependent on parasitizing a host - correct answer What does it mean
that viruses are obligate parasites?
a. They are absolutely dependent on parasitizing a host.
b. Viruses co-exist with hosts
c. Viruses are living organisms that can also be parasites.
d. Hosts are dependent on viruses for symbiosis.
c. sections of the genomic sequence are used to make two or even three different proteins from
different reading frames - correct answer Overlapping reading frames in a viral genome means
that
a. the virus has one reading frame that is translated into a single polypeptide and proteolytically
released into multiple proteins.
b. viral cDNAs look exactly like viral genomic sequence.
none of the options are correct.
c. sections of the genomic sequence are used to make two or even three different proteins from
different reading frames.
d. the virus has genes that encode different proteins.
b. Integrase - correct answer Which gene do retroviruses and retrotransposons share?
a. None of the options are correct
b. Integrase
c. Protease
d. Coat protein
b. The virus uses overlapping reading frames - correct answer The Hepatitis B genome is around
3000 nucleotides long. Yet the proteins encoded by the genome have a total combined length of
over 1500 amino acids. What might explain this discrepancy?
a. The virus edits the proteins after translation to produce different versions
b. The virus uses overlapping reading frames
,c. None of the options are correct
d. The virus has multiple copies of its genome
e. The virus likely has one reading frame that is translated into a single polypeptide and
proteolytically released into multiple proteins
c. Random mutation - correct answer What creates antibiotic resistant versions of bacterial
genes.
a. Natural selection
b. Antibiotic use in agriculture
c. Random mutation
d. The over-prescription of antibiotics to human patients
e. A lysogenic life cycle - correct answer What aspect of retroviruses like HIV and herpes
lifecycle would be important for converting a retrovirus into a retrotransposon
a. Conjugation
b. Protease processing of polypeptides
c. Coat proteins
d. Overlapping reading frames
e. A lysogenic life cycle
b. The antibiotic version of DHPS is a more advanced version that is more effective. - correct
answer The DHPS gene encodes the DHPS enzyme that catalyzes the first key step in the
production of folate, a critical compound in nucleotide biosynthesis. Beta-lactams target this enzyme
for inhibition. Which statement is FALSE?
a. In the absence of antibiotics, the resistant version would be less fit than the sensitive version.
b. The antibiotic version of DHPS is a more advanced version that is more effective.
c. In the presence of antibiotics, the resistant version of DHPS is more fit than the sensitive version.
d. Mutations that make DHPS antibiotic resistant also make it a less effective enzyme.
a. Antibiotics target prokaryotic-specific pathways - correct answer Why are viruses not affected
by antibiotics?
,a. Antibiotics target prokaryotic-specific pathways
b. The virus life cycle is too fast
c. Viruses replicate in such large numbers
d. Viruses can degrade the antibiotic
e. You Answered Viruses replicate inside human cells
c. Potential virulence a threat to immunocompromised patients - correct answer What is a
potential drawback of an attenuated vaccine?
a. Can sometimes trigger a cytokine storm
b. Very hard to store and distribute
c. Potential virulence a threat to immunocompromised patients
d. Never can be sure it will work
b. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase - correct answer Sars-CoV-2 uses __________ as a critical
unique step in its genome replication
a. Reverse transcriptase
b. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
c. DNA pol I
d. DNA pol III
c. The Spike protein is the only protein substantially exposed on the Sars-CoV-2 surface - correct
answer All attempts at Sars-CoV-2 vaccines involved targeting the Spike protein. Why?
a. The Spike protein is the way the virus gets into human cells
b. The Spike protein is specific to Sars-CoV-2
c. The Spike protein is the only protein substantially exposed on the Sars-CoV-2 surface
d. The Spike protein is the largest protein encoded by Sars-CoV-2
, a. A virus that has been made completely non-functional via heat denaturation or cross-linking -
correct answer What is an inactivated virus vaccine?
a. A virus that has been made completely non-functional via heat denaturation or cross-linking
b. A virus where part of the viral sequences are removed, eliminated virulence
c. A virus grown in a non-human host
d. A virus that has been targeted by the immune system
b. is encoded on it's own separate RNA molecule - correct answer Each protein in the influenza
genome
a. is encoded in one long ORF that gets chopped up by a protease
b. is encoded on it's own separate RNA molecule
c. is encoded on a dsDNA molecule
d. has multiple ORF to save genomic space
e. An attempt to estimate the fatality rate among all infected individuals, documented or not -
correct answer What is the IFR?
a. A number that typically understates the deadliness of the disease
b. The documented rate of infection in the population
c. The rate of deaths among documented positive cases
d. An estimate of the rate of infection in a population
e. An attempt to estimate the fatality rate among all infected individuals, documented or not.
d. The rate of deaths among documented positive cases - correct answer What is CFR?
a. An estimate of how deadly a disease is among all individuals infected
b. A number that typically understates the deadliness of the disease
c. The documented rate of infection in the population
d. The rate of deaths among documented positive cases
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