What is the gut microflora?
o :## A diverse bacterial community in the gut.
What are the major functions of the gut microflora?
o :## Metabolic activities, trophic effects, and protection against pathogens.
Why do the stomach and small intestine contain only a few species of bacteria?
o :## Du...
Exam 3 - NUR529 Questions and Correct
Answers & Latest Updated
What is the gut microflora?
o :## A diverse bacterial community in the gut.
What are the major functions of the gut microflora?
o :## Metabolic activities, trophic effects, and protection against pathogens.
Why do the stomach and small intestine contain only a few species of bacteria?
o :## Due to acidic and propulsive luminal contents.
What factors influence the colonization of the GI tract?
o :## Passage through birth canal, diet, neonatal care, stress, pH, and immunologic status.
What is the major metabolic function of colonic microflora?
o :## Fermentation of undigestible dietary residue and endogenous mucus.
What is the role of colonic microorganisms in vitamin synthesis?
o :## They synthesize vitamin K.
What is the source of energy in the colon?
o :## Fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates.
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What nutrients are absorbed by colonic microorganisms?
o :## Calcium, magnesium, and iron.
What is resident gut flora?
o :## Endogenous microbes in gut
What is colonization resistance?
o :## Protection against exogenous microbes
What does gut flora restrict?
o :## Opportunistic bacteria growth
What is the primary treatment for celiac disease?
o :## Removal of gluten from the diet.
What is gluten?
o :## The primary protein in wheat, barley, and rye.
Can oat products be consumed by individuals with celiac disease?
o :## Yes, as long as they are not contaminated with wheat during processing.
What types of food are free of gluten?
o :## Meats, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products.
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What is the result of complete exclusion of dietary gluten?
o :## Rapid and complete healing of the intestinal mucosa.
What is acute gastritis?
o :## Acute mucosal inflammation in the stomach.
What are the symptoms of acute gastritis?
o :## Emesis, pain, hemorrhage, and ulceration.
What causes acute gastritis?
o :## Local irritants such as aspirin, NSAIDs, alcohol, or bacterial toxins.
What can complicate acute hemorrhagic gastritis?
o :## Oral administration of corticosteroids.
What is bilirubin?
o :## Final product of heme breakdown in RBCs
What gives bile its color?
o :## Bilirubin
What is free bilirubin?
o :## Insoluble bilirubin attached to plasma albumin
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What is conjugated bilirubin?
o :## Soluble bilirubin in bile
Where is free bilirubin converted to conjugated bilirubin?
o :## Inside hepatocytes
What happens to conjugated bilirubin?
o :## Secreted as a constituent of bile
What happens to bilirubin in the small intestine?
o :## Half is converted to urobilinogen by intestinal flora
What happens to urobilinogen produced in the intestine?
o :## Half is absorbed into portal circulation, remaining excreted in feces
What happens to absorbed urobilinogen?
o :## Returned to liver to be reexcreted into bile
What is the role of hepatocytes in bilirubin metabolism?
o :## Convert free bilirubin to conjugated bilirubin
What is the fate of bilirubin after it is secreted as a constituent of bile?
o :## Passes through bile ducts into small intestine
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
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