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Summary Kidneys and hormones (plant and animal) a level notes $4.50
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Summary Kidneys and hormones (plant and animal) a level notes

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These notes helped me get into medical school, I completed my a levels at Guildford high school which consistently ranks among the top schools in the UK and is known for their academic rigour. I made these notes as a summary of the power points that we were taught off of.

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  • August 25, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Changes in environment Distal convoluted

Stobuce



artigTo
arteriole




I#
& water potential of blood




&
&



ionSer
g S-
·




&& -
&&





()D S
&
-


osmoreceptor
CSS(
cells shrink

/
glomerulus
!
S I &
S




S G
hypothalamus produces ADA
S
-




eyelets of & &&
·




2
n

lang
ahans
Branch of
Bowmans
d
high blood glucose

-
Bcells




a
Pancreas x cells recognise artery ADH released by pituitary gland
·
renal ·




8
-


by B cells iIS
S
↑ insulin released




Y
·
ADH travels to kidney in blood

low blood >
-
recognise insulin attaches to proxima
glucose
·



glycoprotein receptors ADHbinds to receptors the distal




-!III
S
·




robuid
on
convoluted
collecting
·




E duct

S ↓& Loop
↑ of
glucagon released byX cells
stimulating vesicles with carrier proteins
-j

-I
convoluted tubule and collecting duct
I-
-
-

(glucose &
glucagon stimulates
glycogenolysis to fuse with the
f
>
-



cell membrane
. Promotes vesicles with aquaporins
-

Branch of -

from glycogen stores) and gluconeogenesis
-


insulin also stimulates
glycogenesis through &
& to bind with the membrane
renal vein >
-




E
&
<



Iglucose from a. a
/glycerol) the cascade
system which maintains the glucose ,
more water can more out
Hig
.




concentration
gradient into the cell into the blood



Capillaries are fenestrated allowing small molecules to pass
adrenaline activates adenyl cyclase by

adrenaline
I




binding to a transmembrane
--
-my
1.---
I
- adenyl
Tropisms to directional stimulus
. This
protein converts ATP to
cyclic V
cyclase
are growth movements in response a

ATP > cAMP
AMD which activates protein kinase
V
specific growth factors effect local cells and travel
by diffusion
protein kinase <protein kinase
glycogen to
(inactive (active IAA lauxins)
which converts
glucose eg
.
phototropism (shoots) gravitropism (root)


*
o


light
side
IAA collects the
...
on
↓ ·....
:.. . .
Amyloplasts sink within the cell IAA collects
-




with less sun which
in cells with more
amyloplasts inhibiting cell elongation
promotes cell elongation

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