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Summary Control of gene expression notes

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These notes helped me get into medical school, I completed my a levels at Guildford high school which consistently ranks among the top schools in the UK and is known for their academic rigour. I made these notes as a summary of the power points that we were taught off of.

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  • August 25, 2024
  • 1
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary
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Control of
gene expression gene mutations
·




·
substitution-base

deletion-base
replaced


removed


condensation
proto-oncogenes
· addition base addea
promote normal
L reduced
accessible
expression > heterochromatin
>
-
-




enchromatin cell division but become
oncogenes copies
When mutated
2
inversion > section breaks
away
· -
+
tumor Suppressor
genes
Acetylation
re-attaches reversed
regulate rate of division

acetyl group donated to the histone
cancer is when there is uncontrolled cell growth leading to
from an acetyl coenzyme
the formation of a tumor
by permanent activation of an

DNA is
negatively charged
·




oncogene or
hypermethylation of the promotor region of
↓ ↑ positive
Acetylation =
charge
-




a tumor suppressor gene .




-
.: 4 attraction : ↓ transcription

RNA interference oestrogen diffuses easily into

Meth lation 000000000000 the cell
Y SiRNA
more oestrogen produced after "II
000000000000

methyl group added to
cytosine molecules short double-stranded oestrogen binds to receptors
likely
V

more
·


:
menopause
blocks transcription factors from conformational


o
causing a
-



becomes unwound and pairs to
to
get
·


cancer


binding : ↓ transcription complimentary mRNA
segment
change in the
binding site


attracts protein that induces on the transcription factor
-

deacetylation ·
the complex cleaves to prevent


translation activating it. the transcription
Stem cells silencing it

totipotent zygote/early embryo any cell
, ,
miRNA
·D factor binds to the promotor

region of the DNA activating
pluripotent , cell but placenta
·
acts similarly
any




-
comes from RNA that
transcription
multipotent , limited differentiation
·





has unintentionally folded
omnipotent ,
only a
single cell
type
back on itself
&-
S
Y
-SE
V

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