Phil 170 Quiz 1 Questions With Collect Answers
accident fallacy - Answer -A general rule is applied to a specific case that it wasn't intended for. (ex. Cutting people with a knife is a crime. Surgeons cut people with knives. Surgeons are criminals.)
.affirming the consequent - Answer -if x, ...
accident fallacy - Answer -A general rule is applied to a specific case that it wasn't
intended for. (ex. Cutting people with a knife is a crime. Surgeons cut people with
knives. Surgeons are criminals.)
.affirming the consequent - Answer -if x, then y
y
therefor, x
.ambiguity - Answer -if expression can be interpreted as having more than one distinct
meaning in a given context
-ex: "light" beer
.amphiboly fallacy - Answer -occurs when the arguer misinterprets an ambiguous
statement and then draws a conclusion based on this faulty interpretation
.appeal to force fallacy - Answer -persuade by threat of force rather than providing
sound reasons
.appeal to ignorance fallacy - Answer -the premises of the argument claim that nothing
has been proven about something in one way, but the conclusion makes a definite
assertion about that thing
- exception: if qualified researcher investigating existence of something and no evidence
to support the thing exists, then no fallacy
.appeal to pity fallacy - Answer -requesting sympathy rather than providing sound
reasons
.appeal to the people fallacy - Answer -an appeal to a majority of people to prove that
one's view is correct
.appeal to unqualified authority fallacy - Answer -argument that appeals to an authority,
but that authority lacks credibility
- exception: if authority appealed to is credible, then no fallacy
.argument - Answer -a group of statements claimed to provide support for conclusion
.argument against the person (ad hominem) - Answer -Involves attacking the person
who advances an argument (or asserts a statement) as opposed to providing a rational
critique of the argument (or statement) itself
, .begging the question fallacy - Answer -when an arguer creates the illusion that
premises provide adequate support for the conclusion in:
- leaving out a key premise( that supports the argument)
- restating a contentious premise as the conclusion
- reasoning in a circle
.cogent - Answer --strong
-has all true premises
.cognitive meaning - Answer -terminology that conveys information
.complex question fallacy - Answer -involves asking a question that illegitimately
presupposes some conclusion alluded to in the question
.composition fallacy - Answer -occurs when the conclusion of an argument depends on
mistakenly taking an attribute of the parts of something to apply to the whole
- exception: if attribute does apply to the whole, then no fallacy
.conclusion - Answer -main claim supported by premises
.conditional statements - Answer -if...then... statements
-not arguments by themselves
-can be premises in arguments
.conventional connotation - Answer -what a term commonly connotes to the average
person
.correct reasoning with conditional - Answer --modus ponens
-modus tollens
.counter example method - Answer -for testing validity
1. pick out premises and conclusion
2. paraphrase (if needed)
3. pick out form of argument
4. see if you can construct a substitution instance of the argument that has true
premises and a false conclusion
.deductive argument (absolute) - Answer -author intends that it is impossible for the
premises to be true and the conclusion false
.definiendum - Answer -word to be defined
.definiens - Answer -words that do the defining
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