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NUR 213 Shock: Questions And Solutions (Correct)
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NUR 213 Shock: Questions And Solutions (Correct)What is shock? Right Ans - Inadequate perfusion to meet the oxygenation
and metabolic demands of the body.
what is hemodynamics? Right Ans - the study of blood moving through the
circulatory system.
Non invasive hemodynamic monitoring is? Right Ans - Blood Pressure:
120/80.
Capillary refill: within 2 seconds.
Pulse rate and Quality: 60-100.
Urine output: 30 ml/hr
Mentation-A&O neuro status.
Skin temperature/ Color: warm, normal color for ethnicity.
What happens to capp refill when our blood flow is decreased? Right Ans -
It will be more than 2 seconds.
Calculation for MAP? Right Ans - 2 x diastolic, + systolic, then divide by 3.
what MAP needed to profuse coronary arteries, brain, kidneys. Right Ans -
60.
What is the normal range of MAP? Right Ans - 70-110
What does it mean if the MAP is higher than 110? Right Ans - They are
hypertensive.
define cardiac output [CO]. Right Ans - the amount of blood ejected from
the ventricle in 1 minute
Cardica output calculation is?
What is the normal range? Right Ans - HR x SV
-Normal range: 4-8 L/min
,Define cardiac index [CI]. Right Ans - cardiac output adjusted for the
patient's body surface area.
-More specific to individuals
-need CO to get CI.
Define stroke Volume.
What is the normal range? Right Ans - Stroke volume is the amount of
blood ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat.
60-100 mL/beat.
What is the calculation for CI?
What is the normal range? Right Ans - -CO/ BSA [body surface area}.
-Normal range: 2.5-4 L/min/m2
image of prelaod and afterload. Right Ans -
Define preload [volume]. Right Ans - the volume of blood in the ventricle at
the end of diastole or right before systole-how much is in my ventricle before
it ejects
within preload, there are 2 ways to measure pressure, what are they and what
do they measure? Right Ans - CVP [central venous pressure] aka right atrial
pressure [RAP]-measure right side-venous return comes to the right side of
the heart.
PAWP [pulmonary artery wedge pressure] AKA pulmonary capillary wedge
pressure [PCWP], or left ventricle end diastolic pressure [LVEDP] -measure
left side
With these, we use a pulmonary artery catheter, aka swan ganz catheter.
What 3 parts make up stroke volume? Right Ans - Preload [volume].
Afterload [resistence].
Contractility [squeeze of the heart].
, What is central venous pressure monitoring?
What is normal range of preload? Right Ans - Central line normally through
internal jugular or femoral vein, sits right outside the right atrium and
measures preload.
2-6 mmHg
What abnormalities cause an increase in preload? Right Ans -
Hypervolemia.
regurgitation of cardiac valves.
heart failure.
How can we manipulate preload [volume]? Right Ans - Fluids will increase
preload aka increases volume.
Diuretics will decrease preload aka decreasing volume.
what is afterload [resistence]? Right Ans - Afterload is the pressure or
resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood [systole].
Afterload of the LEFT ventricle is measured as?
What is the normal range of this? Right Ans - Systemic vascular resistance
(SVR) resistance to blood flow in vasculature.
SVR normal range: 800-1200 dynes/sec/cm5
Afterload of the right ventricle is measures by what? Right Ans -
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) resistance against which right ventricle
has to pump to eject blood
What abnormalities causes an increase in after load [resistance]? Right Ans
- Hypertension.
Vasoconstriction.
arteries and valvular stenosis.
What can we do to manipulate afterload [resistance]? Right Ans - Decrease
blood pressure to decrease afterload.
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