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NUR 213 Inflammation: Questions With Solutions
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NUR 213 Inflammation: Questions With Solutions
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NUR 213 Inflammation: Questions With SolutionsExemplars Right Ans - Acute
Cholecystitis
Nephritis
Chronic
Diverticulitis
Myocarditis
Autoimmune
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Definition Right Ans - Inflammation is an immunologic defense against
tissue injury, infection , or allergy.
It is a protective process initiated to minimize or remove the pathologic agent
triggering the inflammation and to promote healing
It is the body's physiologic response to injury
Inflammation can occur without infection
Per Giddens , pg 216
Risk factors Right Ans - All individuals are at risk
The very young that have an immature immune response
The elderly, the immune system loses it ability to respond
Uninsured because they do not have early intervention
Autoimmune diseases
Allergies
Genetics
Chronic diseases
Absence of good hand and personal hygiene
Poor sanitation and nutrition
Environmental factors
Steps in acute inflammation Right Ans - Tissue injury and the release of
chemical mediators
Vasodilation and increased blood flow
Swelling and retraction of activated endothelial cells
Increased vascular permeability and leakage of small plasma proteins
"Walling off"
,Movement of immune response cells to the site of injury (fluid and WBC)
Exudate formation
Movement of glucose and oxygen to the site needing repair
Release of chemical repair factors from activated endothelial cells
Enzymes Right Ans - Inflammation
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme
Converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins
Has two enzyme forms:
COX-1: protects stomach lining and regulates blood platelets
COX-2: triggers inflammation and pain
Comkin diagnostics Right Ans - Laboratory tests
CBC
WBC with differential
CRP
ESR
Serologic tests to detect specific antibodies or viruses
Radiographic studies
MRI
CAT
PET scans
colonoscopy
Wbc Right Ans - White Blood Cell
Total number (Thousands) / mm blood
NL values: 4,300 - 10,800/mm
Differential: proportion of each of the 5 types of WBC's in a sample of 100
WBC's:
Neutrophils: 50-70% -phagocytosis
bands are immature neutrophils: 0-3%
Eosinophils:0-4%- seen in allergic reactions
Basophils:0-2% - assoc. with leukemia
Lymphocytes:20-40% -assoc with viral infections
Monocytes:4-8% assoc. with chronic inflammation
Memory help Right Ans - Never- neutrophils
Let-lymphocytes
Monkeys-monocytes
, Eat-eosinophils
Bananas- basophils
CRP Right Ans - This test is non-specific for evaluating inflammatory
disease (course & severity).
During an inflammatory process, a specific abnormal protein (CRP) appears in
the blood.
NL values: < 0.8 mg/dL
Can be detected within 18-24 hrs. after tissue damage
Increase with CAD,PVD, RA, acute MI,3rd trimester of pregnancy
Decrease with steroids and ASA
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Right Ans - Measures "speed" which RBC's
settle in tube of anti-coagulated blood
expressed as mm/hr
NL values: men 1-13 mm/hr
women 1-20 mm/hr
** after age 50 levels increase
Increased levels indicate inflammatory / pathologic condition-RA acute MI
Decrease with CHF Mono, degenerative arthritis & sickle cell
Cardinal signs of inflammation Right Ans - Redness
Swelling
heat
Pain
Loss of function
Primary prevention Right Ans - Primary Prevention:
Hand hygiene
Designated safety equipment
Food and safety standards
There are no routine screening procedures for inflammation which is
secondary prevention
Collaborative interventions are directed at promoting repair and healing by
RICE, immobilization devices, or pharmacologic agents
Related concepts Right Ans -
Acute inflammation Right Ans - Acute inflammation
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