PVCC Bio 141 Exam 4 Questions
with Answers
White and gray rami communicants contain ______- system neurons only. - Answer-
sympathetic
Sympathetic fibers emerge from _______- and synapse in the superior cervical ganglion
- Answer-T1 to T4
These fibers innervate _____ and _________ of the head; stimulate _______ muscles
of the iris; inhibit ______ and _______ glands; innervate smooth muscle of the
___________ and branch to the _______ - Answer-skin, blood vessels, dilator, nasal,
salivary, upper eyelid, heart
Preganglionic fibers emerge from _____ and synapse in the vertical trunk ganglia, while
postganglionic fibers emerge from the _______ and _______ cervical ganglia and
enters neves C4 to C8. - Answer-T1 to T6, middle, inferior
These fibers innervate the ______ via the cardiac plexus; the _______ and the skin and
the lungs and ________ - Answer-heart, thyroid gland, esophagus
Most fibers from T5 to L2 synapse in the _______ ganglia outside of the trunk, forming
several _____ nerves. - Answer-collateral, sphlanchnic
These include greater, lesser, and least (thoracic splanchnic) splanchnic nerves;
______- splanchnic nerves and ___- splanchnic nerves. - Answer-lumbar, sacral
Splanchnic nerves interweave, forming an ________ plexuses that contains several
important ganglia, including the _____- and _____- and ____ mesenteric ganglia. -
Answer-abdominal aortic, celiac, superior, inferior
Postganglionic fibers from these ganglia then travel pathways to the _______ and
______. - Answer-abdomen, pelvis
Preganglionic fibers from T5 to L2 travel through ________ nerves and synapses occur
in the _____ and ________ ganglia. - Answer-thoracic splanchnic, celiac, superior
mesenteric
Postganglionic fibers serve the stomach, ______-, liver, ______, and kidneys. - Answer-
intestines, spleen
Preganglionic fibers originate from T10 to L2 and travel from the trunk to the _____ and
______ ganglia - Answer-lumbar, sacral
, some synapse with ________ fibers that run in lumber and sacral splanchnic nerves,
while others pass directly to the plexuses to the collateral ganglia ( example: inferior
mesenteric). - Answer-postganglionic
Postganglionic fibers serve the ______ half of the large intestine, urinary bladder, and
reproductive organs. - Answer-distal
some preganglionic fibers pass directly to the _______ without synapsing. Upon
stimulation, medullary cells secrete _______ and _______ into the blood. - Answer-
adrenal medulla, norepinephrine, epinephrine
Sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal medulla arise from the _______. - Answer-same
tissue
First, a visceral reflex arc has _____ consecutive neurons in the motor pathway. -
Answer-2
___ neuron reflex arcs exist in the wall of the GI tract and involve the ______ nervous
system made up of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons - Answer-3,
enteric
Visceral sensory fibers are involved in the phenomenon known as __________ -
Answer-referred pain
The major neurotransmitter of the ANS are ______ and _______ - Answer-ACh,
norepinephrine
______- is released by cholinergic fibers at all the ANS _______ axons and all
parasympathetic postganglionic axons. - Answer-ACh, preganglionic
There are two types of cholinergic receptors _receptors that bind to ACh_. these are
known as _____ receptors and _____- receptors. - Answer-nicotinic, musacarinic
Nicotinic receptors are found on all postganglionic neurons (sympathetic and
parasympathetic), _______ cells of the adrenal medulla and the ______ of skeletal
muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction. - Answer-hormone-producing, sarcolemma
The effect of Each at the nicotinic receptors is always ________-, with ion channels
opening and depolarizing the postsynaptic cell. - Answer-stimulatory
Muscarinic receptors are found on ______ effector stimulated by postganglionic
cholinergic fibers. - Answer-all
The effect of ACh at the muscarinic receptors can either be _______ or ________
depending on the receptor type of the target organ - Answer-inhibitory, excitatory
