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PHIL170 Exam 1 Questions And Current Update Answers

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  • PHIL170

PHIL170 Exam 1 Questions And Current Update Answers - Answer - .An assignment - Answer -Is a pair of a given atomic sub sentence with either T or F .Argument - Answer -Any collection of premises together with a conclusion .Atomic sentences - Answer -Any capital letter, with or without n...

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  • August 25, 2024
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  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • PHIL170
  • PHIL170
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- Answer -

.An assignment - Answer -Is a pair of a given atomic sub sentence with either T or F

.Argument - Answer -Any collection of premises together with a conclusion

.Atomic sentences - Answer -Any capital letter, with or without numerical subscripts

E,g A, A1, A107, P2

.Biconditional (if and only if) - Answer -Symbol = ↔

(A <-> B) = A if and only if B

.Binary = - Answer -Conjunction
Disjunction
Conditional
Biconditional

.Conclusion - Answer -Is the sentence that the argument is meant to support

.Conclusion indicators - Answer -Words that lead or indicate the conclusion

e.g therefore, hence, thus, accordingly

.Conditional (if...then) - Answer -Symbol = ->

(A -> B) = If A, then B / A only if B

.Conjunction (and) - Answer -Symbol = ^

(A ^ B) = A and B

.Contingency - Answer -possibility

Are capable of being both true or false in different scenarios

Either the dog is barking or not barking

.Counterexample - Answer -An argument that makes the conclusion false despite the
premises potentially being true.

, Even if the premise sounds factually correct, the conclusion can still be false because of
a counterexample.

.Deductive arguments - Answer -Study of arguments whose premises are meant to
guarantee their conclusion

Are valid

Truth of the premises guarantees the truth of their conclusion

.Disjunction (either...or) - Answer -Symbol = v

(A v B) = A or B

.If there is <-> in a truth table, - Answer -Every double false or double true = always true

.In a truth table, the columns are decided by - Answer -the number of possible
sentences

e.g P -> ¬ (P ^ Q) has 5 columns

.In a truth table, the number of rows is decided by: - Answer -2^N

N= Number of atomic sentences

.In a truth tables with arguments that have a conjunction, - Answer -both columns need
to be true in order to be considered true for the last column

.In a truth tables with arguments that have a disjunction, - Answer -only needs one
column to be true

.Inductive arguments - Answer -arguments whose reasons lead to probable conclusions

Premise makes the conclusion LIKELY or PROBABLE but not guaranteed

.Invalid argument - Answer -When the conclusion is false despite the premises being
true.

An argument is invalid if there is a counterexample.

E.g If A, then B. It's not B, then = A.

.It is equivalent when - Answer -Two sentences have the same truth values in EVERY
row of the truth table

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