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PVCC BIO 141 Bones Lecture Exam Questions and Answers

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PVCC BIO 141 Bones Lecture

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pvcc bio 141 bones lecture
pvcc bio 141 bones lecture exam questions

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PVCC BIO 141 Bones Lecture Exam
Questions and Answers

Hydroxyapatite - Answer-Hardy crystals consisting of calcium and phosphate that form
the bone matrix.
-Work with osteoid

Osteocytes - Answer-mature bone cells (osteoblasts) in lacunae that no longer divide
-Maintain bone matrix and act as stress or strain sensory
-Respond to mechanical stimuli such as increased force on bone or weightlessness
-Communicate information to osteoblasts and osteoclasts (cells that destroy bones) so
bone remodeling can occur

Bone-lining cells - Answer-Flat cells on bone surfaces believed to also help maintain
matrix (along with osteocytes)
-On external bone surface, lining cells are called periosteal cells
-On internal surfaces, they are called endosteal cells

Osteoclasts - Answer-Derived from same hematopoietic stem cells that become
macrophages
-Giant, multinucleate cells function in bone resorption (breakdown of bone)
-When active, cells are located in depressions called resorption bays
-Cells have ruffled borders that serves. to increase surface area for enzyme degradation
of bone

Compact bone - Answer-Also called lamellar bone
-Consists of
1) Osteon (Haversion system)
2) Canals and canaliculi
3) Interstitial and circumferential lamellae

Osteon (Haversion system) - Answer-An osteon is the structural unit of compact bone
-Consists of an elongated cylinder that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone
-acts as weight bearing pillars

Lamellae - Answer-Osteon cylinder consisting of several rings of bone matrix
-Contain collagen fibers that run in different directions in adjacent rings
-Withstands stress and resists tension
-Bone salts are found between collagen fibers

Central (Haversian) canal - Answer-runs through core of osteon, contains blood vessels
and nerve fibers

, Perforating (Volkmann's) canals - Answer-Canals lined with endosteum that occur at
right angles to central canal
-Connect blood vessels and served of periosteum, medullary cavity, and central canal

Lacunae - Answer-Small cavities that contain osteocytes

Canaliculi - Answer-Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central
canal

Osteoblasts - Answer-Maintain contact with each other and osteocytes via cell
projections with gap junctions

interstitial lamellae - Answer-not part of the osteon
-some fill gaps between forming osteons
others are remnants of osteon cuts by bone remodeling

Circumferential lamellae - Answer-Just deep to periosteum, but superficial to
endosteum, these layers of lamellae extend around entire surface of diaphysis
Help long bone to resist twisting

Spongy bone - Answer-Appears poorly organized but is actually organized along lines
of stress to help bone resist any stress

trabeculae - Answer-supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
-Confer strength to bone

Bone is made up of - Answer-Organic and inorganic components

Organic components - Answer-Includes osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone-
lining cells, osteoclasts, and osteoid
-Resilience of bone is due to sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules that
stretch and break to dissipate energy and prevent fractures

Inorganic components - Answer-Hydroxyapatites (mineral salts)
-Make up 65% of bone by mass
-Consists mainly of calcium phosphate crystals in and around collagen fibers
-Responsible for hardness and resistance to compression

bone strength - Answer-half as strong as steel in resisting compression; as strong as
steel in resisting tension
-Lasts long after death because of mineral composition

Ossification (osteogenesis) - Answer-process of bone tissue formation
-Begins in month 2 of development

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