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Chem 120 Final Exam/104 Complete Q’s and A’s
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Chem 120 Final Exam/104 Complete Q’s and A’s
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Chem 120 Final Exam/104 Complete Q’s andA’s
molecular mass (molecular weight) - -the sum of the atomic masses, in
atomic mass units, of all the atoms in the formula of a compound
-empirical formula - -a chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in a
compound rather than the total number of atoms
-Avogadro's number (Mole) - -6.02 x 10^23
-proton - -A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found
in the nucleus of an atom
-neutron - -A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the
nucleus of an atom
-electron - -A subatomic particle that has a negative charge and orbits the
nucleus
-valence electron - -an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an
atom
-mole ratio - -a conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any
two substances involved in a chemical reaction
-ion - -An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
-anion - -A negatively charged ion
column 7 makes -1 ions
column 6 makes -2 ions
column 5 makes -3 ions
-cation - -A positively charged ion
column 1 (except Hydrogen) makes +1 ions
column 2 makes +2 ions
-monatomic ion - -an ion formed from a single atom
-polyatomic ion - -an ion made of two or more atoms; invisible units that
carry a charge
-spectator ion - -an ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not
directly involved in the reaction
, -acid - -compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
-base - -a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution
-Lewis structure - -a diagram of a molecule showing how the valence
electrons are arranged among the atoms in the molecule. dashes are used to
represent bonds
1. Draw skeletal structure.
2. Check number of valence electrons needed for each atom.
3. Add double bonds if necessary.
4. Check total charge on molecule and total number of electrons.
5. Check for atoms that may have an expanded octet.
-Bohr Model - -model of an atom that shows electrons in circular orbits
(shells) around the nucleus
-Electronegativity - -A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical
compound to attract electrons
-Core charge - -The number of protons subtracted by the number of inner
shell electrons
-partial charge - -the unequal sharing of electrons which results in a slight
negative or positive charge
valence electrons - nonbonding electrons - (electron pull of atom x bonding
electrons of atom) = partial charge on atom "a"
The pull of an atom can be determined by electronegativity of atom
a/electronegativity of atom a + electronegativity of atom b . This number
must be between zero and one
-intermolecular forces - -forces of attraction between molecules
-hydrogen bonding - -the intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom
that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared
pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule. this is the
strongest intermolecular force
-Which elements are capable of H bonding? - -H, F, O, N, S
-dipole-dipole forces - -attractions between oppositely charged regions of
polar molecules
-dispersion forces - -attractions between molecules caused by the electron
motion on one molecule affecting the electron motion on the other through
electrical forces; this is the weakest intermolecular force
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