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Chem 120 Exam I (Chapters 1-2)
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Chem 120 Exam I (Chapters 1-2)
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Chem 120 Exam I (Chapters 1-2)
matter - -has mass and takes up space
✰state
✰composition
✰property
-state - -✰solid
✰liquid
✰gas
-composition - -quality of matter
✰pure substance
one or more than one type in a fixed ratio
can be classified as elements (1 type, i.e. He) or a compound (1< type, i.e.
NaCl)
✰mixture
more than one type; variable composition
homogenus (uniform) or heterogenus (non-uniform) mixtures
-property - -matter behavior
I. physical
✰boiling point
✰melting point
✰freezing point
II. chemical
✰burning
✰chemical reactions
-Intensive Properties - -does not depend on the amount of matter present
✰freezing point
✰boiling point
✰melting point
✰density
-Extensive Properties - -depend on the amount of matter that is present
✰mass
✰volume
✰energy
, -Compound versus Mixture - -Compound
✰can be broken down in chemicals
Mixture
✰physically combined without changing identity
-Seperation of mixtures - -I. Filtration
solid and liquid substances are separated
II. Distillation
uses difference in boiling point of substances to separate homogenous
mixtures
III. Chromatography
separates substances on the basis of differences in the ability of substances
to adhere to a solid surface
-Exact Numbers - -error free
✰cell phone numbers
✰money
-Measured Numbers - -numbers you obtain when you measure a quantity
using a measuring tool
✰ percentage of error
-Significant Figures Rules - -1. All non-zero numbers are significant
2. Zero between non-zeros are significant
3. Zero's after the decimal place are significant
4. Zeros before the decimal place and after non zero's are significant
5. Leading zero's (i.e. 0.005) are not significant
6. Zero's after non zero's and not after the decimal place are not significant
(200)
✰when adding/subtracting = least amount of decimal places
✰when multiplying/dividing= least amount of significant figures
-Units of Measurement - -nonstandard, metric, and US customary are
systems of measurement; science uses the metric system
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