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BIO 210 - FINAL EXAM REVIEWAnatomy - Answers -the study of structure
Physiology - Answers -the study of function
Metabolism - Answers -all the chemical reactions that happen in our body cells
Catabolism - Answers -the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.
Catabolic reaction
Anabolism - Answers -The building up of complex molecules from simpler ones
Levels of Structural Organization - Answers -Atom (chemical), Molecule (chemical), Cell
tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Homeostasis - Answers -The maintenance of the internal environment regardless of
external conditions
Negative feedback mechanism - Answers -Most feedback mechanisms are this type -
regulating body temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose
Cranial Cavity - Answers -Brain and spinal cord
vertebral cavity - Answers -spinal cord
thoracic cavity - Answers -heart and lungs
abdominopelvic cavity - Answers -stoach digestive organs
parietal membrane - Answers -lines cavity wall
Isotonic solution - Answers -no change
Hypertonic solution - Answers -cell shrink
cell cycle - Answers -before a cell can divide, it's DNA has to be replicated exactly
3 stages of interphase - Answers -G1 - Growth and metabolism
S - DNA replication
G2 - Preparation for division
Cell Division - Mitosis - Answers -4 Phases
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
, Telophase
Prophase - Answers -chromosomes appear
Metaphase - Answers -chromosomes cluster in the middle
Anaphase - Answers -daughter chromosomes appear
Telophase - Answers -identical sets of chromosomes at opposite poles; cleavage furrow
Cytokinesis - Answers -complete division of the cell
Protein synthesis - Transcription - Answers -DNA's information is encoded by a codon in
mRNA. Happens in the nucleus
Protein synthesis - Translation - Answers -Information carried by the mRNAis decoded
by an anticodon and used to assemble polypeptides. Happens in the cytosol/ribosome
Tissues - Answers -Groups of cells similar in structure that perform a specific function
Epithelial Tissue - Answers -a sheet of cells that cover a body surface or lines a cavity
Connective Tissue (CT) - Answers -CT Proper - fibroblasts
Cartilage - chondrocytes
Bone - Osteocytes
Blood - erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets
Muscle tissue - Answers -skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
nervous tissue - Answers -neurons
neuroglia
Glandular epithelia - Endocrine - Answers -ductless glands that secrete directly into the
bloodstream. Product does not leave the body (hormones)
Glandular epithelia - exocrine - Answers -secrete their products through ducts onto body
surfaces - the EXit the body. Sebaceous (oil) glands nd sudiferous (sweat) glands
3 regions of the skin - Answers -epidermis (outermost)
dermis (vascular layer)
hypodermis - subcutaneous
5 cell layers of the epidermis - Answers -stratum corneum - keratinized - waterproof
sloughs off cells are dead
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