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Agogische onderzoekspracticum SAMENVATTING
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AGOGISCHONDERZOEKSPRACTICUM
SAMENVATTING
Prof: Liesbeth De Donder
Manon Vekeman
2018-2019
Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences
Field of study: Master of Science in Agogische Wetenschappen
1
, Agogisch
onderzoekspracticum
Samevatting
1 H1: TITEL & INHOUDSTAFEL............................................................................................................6
2 H2: LITERATUUR ZOEKEN................................................................................................................7
2.1 SOORTEN LITERATUURONDERZOEK.......................................................................................................7
2.1.1 ZOEKTOCHT: OPEN SEARCH & SYSTEMATISCHE SEARCH.............................................................................7
2.1.2 SYNTHESE: NARRATIVE & META-ANALYSIS..............................................................................................7
2.1.3 SCOPING LITERATURE REVIEW...............................................................................................................8
2.2 LITERATUUR SELECTEREN..................................................................................................................11
2.2.1 ZET INCLUSIE EN EXLUSIECRITERIA........................................................................................................11
2.3 SAMENVATTING.............................................................................................................................11
2.4 KWALITEITSCONTROLE.....................................................................................................................12
3 H3: PROBLEEMSTELLING...............................................................................................................13
3.1 OMSCHRIJVING..............................................................................................................................13
3.2 OPBOUW PROBLEEMSTELLING...........................................................................................................13
3.2.1 BESCHRIJVING PROBLEEM...................................................................................................................13
3.2.2 BESTAAND ONDERZOEK......................................................................................................................14
3.2.3 TEKORTKOMINGEN BESTAAND ONDERZOEK............................................................................................14
3.2.4 JOUW ‘OPLOSSING’ (= ONDERZOEKSDOELSTELLING)................................................................................14
4 H4: WETENSCHAPPELIJK SCHRIJVEN.............................................................................................15
4.1 SCHRIJFPROCES..............................................................................................................................15
4.2 SCHRIJFSTIJL..................................................................................................................................15
4.2.1 GEEN SUBJECTIEF VERHAAL.................................................................................................................15
4.2.2 GEEN NORMATIEF VERHAAL................................................................................................................15
4.2.3 WEES OBJECTIEF..............................................................................................................................16
4.2.4 GETALLEN: VUISTREGEL.....................................................................................................................16
4.3 EXTRA TIPS....................................................................................................................................16
5 H5: ONDERZOEKSVRAGEN – CONCEPTUEEL MODEL.....................................................................17
5.1 ONDERSCHEID TUSSEN ONDERZOEKSVRAAG EN HYPOTHESE.....................................................................17
5.2 OPSTELLEN VAN GOEDE ONDERZOEKSVRAGEN.......................................................................................17
5.2.1 VERMIJD TE VAGE VRAGEN.................................................................................................................17
5.2.2 VERMIJD BELEIDSVRAGEN (MET EEN ‘HOE’)...........................................................................................17
5.2.3 VERMIJDE NORMATIEVE VRAGEN/OORDELEN.........................................................................................18
5.2.4 VERMIJD JA / NEE VRAGEN BIJ KWALITATIEF ONDERZOEK..........................................................................18
5.3 TYPE ONDERZOEKSVRAGEN...............................................................................................................18
5.4 CONCEPTUEEL MODEL......................................................................................................................19
2
,5.4.1 CONCEPTUEEL MODEL BINNEN KWANTITATIEF ONDERZOEK.......................................................................20
5.5 EEN DERDE BEÏNVLOEDENDE VARIABELE...............................................................................................20
5.5.1 MEDIËRENDE VARIABELE....................................................................................................................20
5.5.2 CONFOUNDING VARIABELE (NIET)........................................................................................................21
5.5.3 MODERATOR VARIABELE....................................................................................................................21
5.6 CONCEPTUEEL MODEL BIJ KWALITATIEF ONDERZOEK...............................................................................22
6 H6: INDIVIDUEEL INTERVIEWEN IN KWALITATIEF ONDERZOEK.....................................................24
6.1 THEORETISCHE PERSPECTIEVEN IN ONDERZOEK......................................................................................24
6.2 CONSTRUCTIVISME (INTERPRETATIEVE BENADERING)..............................................................................25
6.3 SOORTEN INTERVIEW.......................................................................................................................25
6.3.1 VERGELIJKING OPEN INTERVIEW >< GESTRUCTUREERD INTERVIEW..............................................................26
6.3.2 SPECIFIEKE INTERVIEWVORMEN...........................................................................................................26
6.4 BETROUWBAARHEID........................................................................................................................26
6.5 VALIDITEIT....................................................................................................................................27
6.6 INTERVIEWSCHEMA.........................................................................................................................27
6.6.1 DE INTRODUCTIE..............................................................................................................................27
6.6.2 HET INTERVIEW................................................................................................................................27
6.6.3 AFSLUITING VAN HET INTERVIEW.........................................................................................................29
6.6.4 EXTRA TIPS......................................................................................................................................29
6.7 RESPONDENTEN.............................................................................................................................30
6.8 VRAAGTECHNIEKEN.........................................................................................................................30
6.8.1 TAKEN VAN DE INTERVIEWER..............................................................................................................30
6.8.2 COÖRDINATIE VAN HET GESPREK.........................................................................................................30
6.8.3 TYPES INTERVIEWVRAGEN..................................................................................................................31
6.8.4 EVALUEREN EN DOORVRAGEN.............................................................................................................31
7 H7: FOCUSGROEPEN.....................................................................................................................32
7.1 OMSCHRIJVING..............................................................................................................................32
7.2 VOOR- EN NADELEN........................................................................................................................32
7.3 VOORBEREIDING............................................................................................................................32
7.3.1 KEUZE RESPONDENTEN......................................................................................................................33
7.3.2 AANTAL FOCUSGROEPEN?..................................................................................................................33
7.3.3 RESPONDENTEN REKRUTEREN.............................................................................................................33
7.4 DATAVERZAMELING........................................................................................................................34
7.4.1 BASISREGELS MODEREN.....................................................................................................................35
7.4.2 RUIMTELIJKE OPSTELLING...................................................................................................................35
7.4.3 VLAK VOOR DE FOCUSGROEP..............................................................................................................35
7.4.4 TIJDENS DE FOCUSGROEP...................................................................................................................36
7.5 SOORTEN RESPONDENTEN................................................................................................................36
7.5.1 DE ZWIJGER.....................................................................................................................................36
7.5.2 DOMINANTE ANTI-MENING................................................................................................................37
7.5.3 WEINIG RESPECT VOOR ANDEREN........................................................................................................37
7.5.4 DE CRITICASTER VAN HET ONDERZOEK..................................................................................................37
7.5.5 DE EXPERT......................................................................................................................................37
7.5.6 DEFENSIEF......................................................................................................................................37
7.5.7 DE VERZOENER................................................................................................................................37
7.5.8 DE AFLEIDER....................................................................................................................................38
7.5.9 DE FLUISTERAAR...............................................................................................................................38
8 H8: ENQUÊTEREN..........................................................................................................................39
3
, 8.1 OPERATIONALISEREN.......................................................................................................................39
8.1.1 STAP 1. WAT ZIJN JE CENTRALE CONCEPTEN/THEMA’S?.........................................................................39
8.1.2 STAP 2. MET HOEVEEL VRAGEN GA JE DIE CENTRALE CONCEPTEN/THEMA’S OPERATIONALISEREN?..................39
8.1.3 STAP 3. WELKE VRAGEN KAN JE NU HET BESTE STELLEN?........................................................................40
8.2 OEFENING: MAEBAR PROJECT IN OLV TER SNEEUWWIJK........................................................................41
8.3 VRAGEN MAKEN.............................................................................................................................42
8.3.1 SOORTEN VRAGEN............................................................................................................................42
8.3.2 AANDACHTSPUNTEN.........................................................................................................................43
8.4 ANTWOORDEN MAKEN....................................................................................................................44
8.5 LAY-OUT-VRAGENLIJST.....................................................................................................................44
8.5.1 VOLGORDE VAN DE VRAGEN...............................................................................................................44
8.5.2 LAY-OUT.........................................................................................................................................44
8.6 VARIA..........................................................................................................................................45
8.7 INTRODUCTIEBRIEF..........................................................................................................................45
8.7.1 WAAROM?.....................................................................................................................................45
8.7.2 WAT STAAT ER IN?...........................................................................................................................45
8.8 DATAVERZAMELING........................................................................................................................46
9 H9: ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................47
9.1 WAT IS HET ABSTRACT: SAMENVATTING..............................................................................................47
9.2 VOORBEELD..................................................................................................................................47
10 H10: DATA EN METHODE............................................................................................................49
10.1 WELKE ONDERDELEN?...................................................................................................................49
10.1.1 DEELNEMERS.................................................................................................................................49
10.1.2 DATAVERZAMELINGSMETHODE..........................................................................................................50
10.1.3 MATERIAAL...................................................................................................................................51
10.1.4 ANALYSEMETHODE.........................................................................................................................51
11 H11: DISCUSSIE...........................................................................................................................52
11.1 BESPREKING................................................................................................................................52
11.2 PRAKTISCHE EN BELEIDSAANBEVELINGEN............................................................................................52
11.3 BEPERKINGEN EIGEN ONDERZOEK.....................................................................................................52
11.4 AANBEVELINGEN VERDER ONDERZOEK...............................................................................................53
11.5 CONCLUSIE..................................................................................................................................53
12 H12: REFEREN – UITVOERBAARHEID ONDERZOEK......................................................................54
12.1 BASISPRINCIPES REFEREREN............................................................................................................54
12.1.1 PAS OP VOOR PLAGIAAT...................................................................................................................54
12.1.2 LITERATUURVERWIJZINGEN IN DE TEKST..............................................................................................54
12.1.3 CITATEN.......................................................................................................................................54
12.1.4 VERWIJZING NAAR EEN ZEER SPECIFIEK ONDERDEEL VAN EEN TEKST..........................................................55
12.2 UITVOERBAARHEID ONDERZOEK.......................................................................................................55
12.2.1 PRAKTISCHE UITVOERBAARHEID.........................................................................................................55
12.2.2 ETHISCHE AANVAARDBAARHEID.........................................................................................................55
13 H13: KWALITATIEVE DATA-ANALYSE...........................................................................................58
13.1 DRIE VORMEN VAN KWALITATIEVE DATA-ANALYSE...............................................................................58
13.2 THEMATIC ANALYSIS EN GROUNDED THEORY......................................................................................58
13.2.1 BIJ KWALITATIEF ONDERZOEK & GRAFIEKEN, FIGUREN….........................................................................59
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