,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a
cognitive bias in decision-making?
a) Confirmation bias
b) Cost-benefit analysis
c) Double-entry bookkeeping
d) The accounting equation
Correct Answer: a) Confirmation bias
Rationale: Confirmation bias is a cognitive error that occurs when
individuals give preference to information that confirms their pre-
existing beliefs or hypotheses, often leading to erroneous decision-
making.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is the logical fallacy that occurs
when someone argues that a proposition is true because it has not
yet been proven false.
Correct Answer: Argument from ignorance
Rationale: The argument from ignorance asserts that a
proposition is true simply because it has not been proven false,
which is a flawed approach to critical thinking and does not hold in
academic or professional research.
, 3. True/False: The principle of Occam's Razor states that the
simplest explanation is most likely the correct one.
Correct Answer: True
Rationale: Occam's Razor is a principle that suggests that among
competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should
be selected, which aligns with the pursuit of simplicity in
explanations and solutions.
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the following
are considered common logical fallacies in critical thinking?
a) Ad hominem
b) Straw man
c) Appeal to authority
d) Balance sheet
Correct Answers: a) Ad hominem, b) Straw man, c) Appeal to
authority
Rationale: Ad hominem, straw man, and appeal to authority are
all logical fallacies that involve faulty reasoning in arguments,
whereas a balance sheet is a financial statement and not a fallacy.
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