BBH 432 Exam 1 Test Questions and
Correct Answers
Stress ✅An event that is interpreted as threatening and elicits the physiological and
behavioral responses associated with the stress response. A threat to homeostasis
Eustress ✅positive stress
Distress ✅negative stress
Stressor ✅any factor that causes stress
Perception ✅means the physical act of perceiving (hearing, seeing, touch, tastes and
smell)
Appraisal ✅the act of assigning meaning or value to a perception
Biological effects of stress ✅Headache, chest pain, pounding heart, high blood
pressure, shortness of breath, muscle aches, tooth grinding, stomach upset,
constipation, increased sweating, tiredness, sleep problems, weight gain or loss, sex
problems, skin breakouts
Behavioral effects of stress ✅Overeating, undereating, angry outbursts, drug abuse,
excessive drinking, increased smoking, social withdrawal, crying spells, relationship
conflicts, decreased productivity
Physiological effects of stress ✅Anxiety, restlessness, worrying, irritability, depression,
sadness, anger, mood swings, job satisfaction, feeling insecure confusion, burnout,
forgetfulness,
Why do research on stress and health ✅-Need doctors and HMOs to provide
treatments for stress
-Want employers to understand that stress can hurt their bottom line
-Need hard evidence that a cardiologist or immunologist will take seriously
-Need a good way to screen out the quacks
-Need to determine whether the effects that we attribute to stress hormones are really
due to changes in behaviors related to health
Primary Appraisal ✅person evaluates present and future harm or less from the event
secondary appraisal ✅person evaluates their resources to cope. If they aren't ready to
meet the challenge this stressor is received as a threat
, re-appraisal ✅person may change meaning of event to minimize stress reaction
Baum's model of stress as a psychophysiological process---what are the steps through
which potential stressors are processed? ✅1.Potential stressor
2. Appraisal process
-Benign
-Threatening
3.Coping
-After Effects
-Wear and tear
Summary of Caresain dualism ✅Mind and body are separate
The mind is not subject to the physical constraints that confine our bodies
Although physical laws can be discovered by the mind, there is no way for the mind to
affect our bodies
Therefore to reduce disease, you must focus on rational observation of physics,
chemistry, biology
A focus on MEASURABLE properties of the world
If this is true, then successful physicians are simply well trained technicians
All a physician needs is enough diagnostic test the right equipment and a prescription
pad and all of your health needs are taken care of
Metaphysical principles, inherited from Descartes ✅Reductionism
-We can understand complex things by first study their simpler parts
Mechanism
-The rules for such study are derived from the rules for study of mechanical objects
Causality
-Everything that we observe has a physical cause
Determinism
-Everything is therefore determined by some complex of causes
How is the term "the ghost in the machine" relevant to the biomedical model? ✅The
ghost (is your mind or soul) has no ability to influence your machines (your body)
What tools have been developed to study stress physiology invasively and
noninvasively? ✅Polygraphs, Saliva
Why are models important in the study of disease? ✅-A model is a representation of
how you believe a system works
-Your model of how disease is created greatly influences which treatments you will
select
-If there is no scientific testing, correct judgments about success and failure are
accidental and not reliable
