Personality & Health: High Sociality/Boldness/Aggression ✅Parasite Load/Predation
Risk'
Personality & Health: What is personality/temperament? ✅Consistent
behavioral/cognitive/emotional tendency: Across time & Across situations
Personality & Health: How can personality affect health? ✅Physiological Mechanisms
(Physiological correlates of personality, E.g. elevated cortisol, catecholamines, altered
immune function) & Behavioral Mechanisms (Health behavior correlates)
Personality Traits: Type A/Hostility ✅Time pressured
Angry / hostile
"Hard-driving", competitive
Interpret neutral situations as stressful
Personality Traits: Extraversion (vs. Introversion) ✅gratification from outside self
Highly social
Warm
Positive
Personality Traits: Conscientiousness ✅tend to follow social norms
Attentive to others
Goal-directed, planful, high self-discipline
Delay gratification
Reliable
Personality Traits: Hostility Questionnaire ✅- I think most people lied to get ahead
- Some of my family have habits that annoy me very much
- I have often had to take orders from someone who did not know as much as i did
, - Most people are honest because of fear of being caught
- People often disappoint me
Personality & Health Model: Predispoistion ✅Personality → pathology
Personality & Health Model: Pathoplasticity ✅Personality ← → pathology
Personality & Health Model: Common Cause ✅personality ← "x" → pathology
Disease → personality or personality → disease?: Prospective Study ✅Entering
medical/law school students
Personality tests
25-year follow-up
Disease → personality or personality → disease?: Results ✅High hostility:
4-5 times more likely to develop CHD
20% dead by age 50 (vs. 3% for low hostility)
Low social support
Disease → personality or personality → disease?: Therapy ✅Learn to curb hostility
(with help)
Social support
How can hostility increase the rate of death from heart disease? ✅1. Less respect for
doctors:
Likely to disregard health behavior suggestions
Smoke more, drink more, poor diet, etc.
2. Lower social support:
Lack benefits of social support
Interpret social situations as stressful
3. More stressful lives
Engage physiological stress response more often
4. Hyper-reactive physiology:
Greater ANS arousal, elevated HR & BP
Type A defined ✅Competitive
Hurried (impatient)
Hostile (mistrust, frequent anger, overt aggression)
Type A physiological correlates: (during social stress) ✅Catecholamine release
increase
Cortisol release increase
Blood pressure increase
Heart's pumping efficiency decrease
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