BBH 432 EXAM 2 PSU PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
BBH 432
Institution
BBH 432
Core construct of health research stressor, pathogen (child abuse) --> internal process (HPA axis changes) --> health outcome (depression)
General process: mediating models: what explains or accounts for stress--> outcome; basic theory development and testing
Individual differences moder...
BBH 432 EXAM 2 PSU PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Core construct of health research ✅stressor, pathogen (child abuse) --> internal
process (HPA axis changes) --> health outcome (depression)
General process: ✅mediating models: what explains or accounts for stress-->
outcome; basic theory development and testing
Individual differences ✅moderating models: specify sub population characteristics of
an effect; descriptive or theory based, important to specify in advance for efficacy trials
Differing views on how stress should be conceptualized and measured ✅1. Stress as a
biological (Selye)
2. Stress as a stimulus: a series of events good or bad all cause life changes (holmes
and rahe)
3. Stress as a transaction between threat and coping ability (Lazarus)
4. Stress as an emotional response (cannon)
Types of stress we could measure ✅acute stressors, chronic stressors, perceived
stress, life events, daily hassles
Different types of measurement ✅biological, psychological, behavioral
Biological measurement ✅measuring arousal using electrical equipment to take BP,
HR, respiration rate, galvanic skin response
-polygraph
Blood or urine samples ✅assessed for the levels of hormones that the adrenal glands
secrete: corticosteroids and catecholamines
Dried blood spots ✅advantages: easy to collect and store, stable, quality protocols
exist, safe
Disadvantages: skin puncture, small sample volume, dilution for analysis
Saliva samples ✅contains twenty different biomarkers; among these are cortisol and
alpha amlysae
Alpha amylsae ✅protein involved in oral mucosal immunity and carbohydrate
digestion, caused by epi/norepi; increases in response to public speaking, caffeine
consumption, stress`
, Biological advantages and disadvantages ✅advantages: direct and objective, quite
reliable and easily quantified
Disadvantages: expensive, stressful, affected by sex weight factors etc
Psychological measurements ✅self reports, life events (social readjustment rating
scale), daily hassles, childhood trauma, mental health symptoms
Holmes and rahe questionnaire (SRRS) ✅score of 300 and more: at risk
Score of 150-299:risk of illness is moderate and reduced by 30
Score of less than 150: slight risk of illness
Problems with holmes scale ✅values of items vary between respondents (cultural
differences)
Some items are ambiguous (does not take into account seriousness of illnesses)
Daily hassles ✅created by richard lazarus and associates
Somewhat, moderately, extremely in terms of severity
Daily hassles model outcome ✅hassles played more of a role in illness than life
changing events, however has similar methodological problems as life event model
Measures behavioral analysts use ✅frequency: number of times the behavior was
observed
Rate: within a specified time hour
Duration: amount of time the patient engaged in that behavior
Limitations of behavioral ✅time required, participants may modify their behavior
Research designs for examining stres and illness ✅retrospective, prospective,
experimental
Retrospective design ✅simplest design, ask people to recall past illness and stress
Is the report accurate? Recall bias? Direct6ion of correlation?
Prospective design ✅a longitudinal design; examine a persons stressors and illnesses
in a set time; quality of data is higher
Experimental design ✅a study in which treatment, procedure, or program is
intentionally introduced and a result or outcome is observed
Principles of Experimental Design ✅matching, randomization, statistical adjustment
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