FORENSIC BIOLOGY AND GENETIC
GENEALOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
DNA analysis - ANSWER the process that DNA samples are treated with in order to extract, recover, and
characterize the genetic makeup from a DNA sample
DNA extraction - ANSWER remove DNA from nucleus of cells and separate it from other cellular material
DNA quantification - ANSWER concentration of DNA is determined to ensure that there is enough of it to
profile
DNA amplification - ANSWER DNA sample is duplicated by mimicking DNA replication in a cell; done by
providing biological machinery necessary for DNA replication
Genotyping - ANSWER taking amplified DNA and determining the DNA profile
DNA profile - ANSWER report that presents the genetic makeup of a sample as genotypes of the
individual at specific sites along the DNA (genomic markers)
What are some applications of DNA analysis? - ANSWER identity testing for crimes and crime scenes,
parentage analysis to identify a child's father, disaster victim ID, genealogy and ancestry testing,
historical and missing person investigations
True or false: current DNA profiling uses genes to identify individuals - ANSWER False. It uses short
tandem repeats (STRs; small but variable locations of DNA between genes)
Serology - ANSWER study of body fluids; forensic biologists examine evidence to test for body fluids
(blood, semen, saliva)
Genetic genealogy - ANSWER uses DNA testing and traditional genealogical methods to infer
relationships between individuals
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