Survey of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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Course
Organic Chemistry
Institution
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry - Answer-the study of compounds that contain the element carbon
Methane - Answer-the main component of natural gas
Ethanol - Answer-the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages
Heteroatom - Answer-any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen
VSEPR Theory - Answer-the most sta...
Survey of Organic Chemistry and
Biochemistry Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
Organic Chemistry - Answer-the study of compounds that contain the element carbon
Methane - Answer-the main component of natural gas
Ethanol - Answer-the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages
Heteroatom - Answer-any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen
VSEPR Theory - Answer-the most stable arrangement keeps the groups on a central
atom as far away from each other as possible
Linear - Answer-atom surrounded by two groups and has a bond angle of 180
Trigonal Planar - Answer-an atom surrounded by three groups and has a bond angle of
120
Tetrahedral - Answer-an atom surrounded by four groups and has bond angles of 109.5
Functional Group - Answer-an atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical and
physical properties; contains a heteroatom, a multiple bond, or sometimes both
Hydrocarbons - Answer-compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen
Alkanes - Answer-only C-C single bonds and no functional group
-contain only nonpolar C-C and C-H bonds
-exhibit only weak intermolecular forces, so they have low melting points and boiling
points
-gases at room temperature, whereas larger alkanes are liquids
-insoluble in water
-less dense than water, meaning that they will float on the surface of water
Alkenes - Answer-have a C-C double bond as their functional group
Alkynes - Answer-have a C-C triple bond as their functional group
Aromatic Compounds - Answer-hydrocarbons contain a benzene ring, a six-membered
ring with three double bonds
,Vitamins - Answer-organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal cell
function; cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained in the diet
-either water soluble or fat soluble
-stored in adipose cells
Fat-Soluble Vitamin - Answer-dissolves in an organic solvent but is insoluble in water;
have many C-C and C-H bonds and few polar functional groups
Water-Soluble Vitamin - Answer-dissolves in water; have many polar bonds
Solubility - Answer-"like dissolves like"
-most organic compounds are soluble in organic solvents
-hydrocarbons and other non polar organic compounds are insoluble in water
-polar organic compounds are water soluble only if they are small and contain an N or O
atom that can hydrogen bond with water
Polarity - Answer--if individual polar bonds (dipoles) cancel in a molecule, the molecule
is non polar
-if individual bond dipoles do not cancel, the molecule is polar
-a covalent bond is polar when atoms of different electronegativity are bonded
Carboxylic Acid - Answer-contains an OH group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon
Ester - Answer-contains an OR group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon
Organic Compounds - Answer--composed of covalent bonds only
-exist as discrete molecules with much weaker intermolecular forces
-have lower boiling points and melting points
-tend to be liquids or gases at room temperature
Cycloalkanes - Answer-contain C atoms joined in one or more rings
Isomers - Answer-two different compounds with the same molecular formula
Constitutional Isomers - Answer-differ in the way the atoms are connected to each other
-as the number of C atoms increases, the number of possible isomers increases
IUPAC - Answer-International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; a system of
naming organic compounds
Combustion - Answer--oxidation-reduction reaction
-alkanes burn in the presence of O2 gas to form CO2 and H2O
-products are the same
Incomplete Combustion - Answer-produces CO instead of CO2
,Halogenation - Answer--the reaction of an alkane with a halogen
-forms an alkyl halide (RCl or RBr) and a hydrogen halide (HCl or HBr)
-substitution reaction, an atom is replaced by another atom or group of atoms
Alkenes and Alkynes Properties - Answer--composed of nonpolar bonds
-low melting and boiling points and are insoluble in water
-unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain fewer than the maximum number of H
atoms per C
Dienes - Answer-compounds with two double bonds
Fatty Acids - Answer--carboxylic acids (RCOOH) with long carbon chains of 12-20
carbon atoms
-naturally occurring animal fats and vegetable oils are formed from fatty acids
Saturated Fatty Acids - Answer-have no double bonds in their long hydrocarbon chains
-a diet rich in this is unhealthy
Unsaturated Fatty Acids - Answer-have one or more double bonds in their long
hydrocarbon chains
-most naturally occurring are liquids at room temperature
Fats - Answer-generally formed from fatty acids having few double bonds; they are
solids at room temp
Oils - Answer-generally formed from fatty acids having a larger number of double
bonds; they are liquid at room temp
Tamoxifen - Answer-used in the treatment of breast cancers that require estrogen for
growth
Addition Reactions - Answer-new groups X and Y are added to the alkene; one bond of
the double bond is broken and two new single bonds are formed
Hydrogenation - Answer-the addition of H2 to an alkene; metal catalyst Pd speeds up
this reaction; product is an alkane
Hydrohalogenation - Answer-the addition of HX (HCl or HBr) to an alkene; product is an
alkyl halide
Asymmetrical Alkene - Answer-two possible products can be formed called
constitutional isomers
Markovnikov's Rule - Answer-the H atom of H-X will bond to the less substituted C atom
in the C═C double bond; the C in the double bond with the most H's will bond to the H
atom of H-X
, Hydration - Answer-addition of water to an alkene; requires a strong acid such as
H2SO4; forms an alcohol as a product
Butter - Answer-made up of saturated fatty acid chains
-created by partial hydrogenation
Trans Fatty Acids - Answer--similar in shape to saturated fatty acids
-left by some partial hydrogenations on fatty acid chain
-just as unhealthy as saturated fatty acids
Polymers - Answer-large molecules made up of repeating units of smaller molecules
(monomers) covalently bonded together
Polymerization - Answer-the monomer C═C double bonds are broken and single bonds
linking the monomers together are formed
Aromatic Compound Arrangements - Answer-each representation has the same
arrangement of atoms, but different locations of electrons
-resonance structures
-do not undergo the addition reactions that characterize alkenes
-undergo substitution reactions primarily
Substitution Reactions - Answer-reaction in which an atom is
replaced by another atom or group of atoms
Chlorination Reaction - Answer-a Cl atom substitutes for a hydrogen atom on the
benzene ring
-pesticide DDT is formed
Nitration Reaction - Answer--substitution of a nitro group (NO2) for a hydrogen
-benzene reacts with nitric acid (HNO3) in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form
nitrobenzene
Sulfonation Reaction - Answer-benzene reacts with SO3 in the presence of H2SO4
such that a SO3H group substitutes for a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring
-synthetic detergent is a product
Alcohols - Answer--contains an OH (hydroxyl) group
-classified by the number of C atoms bonded to the C with the OH group
-bent shape, with a bond angle of 109.5o
-has a net dipole
-capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding - stronger intermolecular forces than
alkanes and alkenes
-have higher boiling and melting points than hydrocarbons
-soluble in organic solvents
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