Nursing 222 final exam with correct
answers
Health- traditionally - ANSWERS✔✔The presence or absence of disease
Health- World Health Organization(WHO) - ANSWERS✔✔Health is a "state of complete, physical,
mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Wellness education - ANSWERS✔✔Teaches people how to care for themselves
Health belief model - ANSWERS✔✔Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and
behaviors
Holistic health model - ANSWERS✔✔Complementary or alternative medicine
Ex: aromatherapy, breathing, massage, guided imagery
Basic human needs - ANSWERS✔✔Helps you understand individuals motivation to achieve optimal
health
Maslow's hierarchy of needs - ANSWERS✔✔Physiological needs: food, water, warmth, rest
Safety needs: security safety
BASIC NEEDS^
Belongingness and love needs: intimate relationships, friends
Esteem needs: prestige and feeling of accomplishment
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS^
Self-actualization: achieving one's full potential, including creative activities
SELF-FULFILLMENT NEEDS^
,Health promotion model - ANSWERS✔✔•(Pender 1982)
States health is a positive, dynamic state, not merely absence of disease
Healthy people documents - ANSWERS✔✔Established evidence-based objectives
Updated every 10 years
Internal variables influencing health beliefs and practices - ANSWERS✔✔developmental stage,
intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional factors, spiritual factors
External variables influencing health beliefs and practices - ANSWERS✔✔family practices,
socioeconomic factors
primary level of disease prevention - ANSWERS✔✔true prevention that lowers that chances that a
disease will develop: routine screening, immunizations, sex education
Secondary level of disease prevention - ANSWERS✔✔focuses on those who have a disease or are at
increased risk to develop a disease: some screening-mammography, colonoscopy, physical therapy
Tertiary level of disease prevention - ANSWERS✔✔Focuses on reducing complications of long-term
disease through treatment and rehabilitation
Risk factors - ANSWERS✔✔Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to
an illness or accident
nonmodifiable risk factors - ANSWERS✔✔Genetics, gender, age, race/ethnicity, family history
Modifiable risk factors - ANSWERS✔✔Nutrition, insufficient sleep, poor hygiene, alcohol and drug
abuse, smoking/tobacco use, excessive sunbathing, obesity, lack of exercise, poor control of blood
pressure/high cholesterol, risky behaviors(texting and driving, unprotected sex)
, precomtemplation stage of behavior change - ANSWERS✔✔Not considering change within the next
6 months
Contemplation stage of behavior change - ANSWERS✔✔Considering change within the next 6
months
Preparation stage of behavior change - ANSWERS✔✔Tried to change without success
Action stage of behavior change - ANSWERS✔✔Actively engaging in changing behavior
Maintenance stage of behavior change - ANSWERS✔✔Begins 6 months after change and continues
indefinitely
Healthcare adherence - ANSWERS✔✔the extent to which an individual's behavior coincides with
medical or health advice
Illness - ANSWERS✔✔A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social,
developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
Disease - ANSWERS✔✔Alteration in body function resulting in reduction in capacity or shortening
of life span
Classification of illness and disease - ANSWERS✔✔Acute
Chronic
-remission, exacerbation
Illness behavior - ANSWERS✔✔Attitudes and reactions to illness, internal variables, external
variables
Impact of illness on patient and family - ANSWERS✔✔Behavioral and emotional changes
Impact on body image