Microbiology: Nosocomial Infections UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Microbiology: Nosocomial Infections
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Microbiology: Nosocomial Infections
Microbiology: Nosocomial Infections
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is the best method of decreasing the spread of nosocomial infection? - Correct AnswerHand washing between patients is main key to stopping the spread of infection.
What are the associated problems with nosocom...
Microbiology: Nosocomial Infections
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is the best method of decreasing the spread of nosocomial infection? - Correct Answer-
Hand washing between patients is main key to stopping the spread of infection.
What are the associated problems with nosocomial infections? - Correct Answer- 1. The risk
of death approximately doubles in patients who acquire hospital infection.
2. Increased morbidity: Increase length of hospital stay, leads to more complications and
disability
3. Hospital-acquired infections are very expensive and
contribute significantly to escalating costs (for hospitals).
What is the definition of a nosocomial infection? - Correct Answer- An infection NOT
present when a patient entered the hospital, most nosocomial bacterial infections become
evident at after 72 hours (a typical incubation period) after admission. Therefore infections
appearing for the first time at 72+ hours are nosocomial in nature unless proven otherwise.
Exceptions include chronic conditions like TB, where the lesions don't become evident until
long after.
What is an endemic infection? - Correct Answer- 1. Those infections occurring as part of the
normal background of infections in a community.
2. The usual low sporadic rate of infection in a specified population.
What is an epidemic infection? - Correct Answer- It's an "Outbreak" with a higher number of
infections than the usual rate of infection in the specified population.
What is the prevalence rate? - Correct Answer- It is the total number of cases of infection in
the defined population at risk during a specific time period:
1. Point prevalence: Case count taken at one instant point in time (snapshot).
2. Period prevalence: Case count taken over a given time span such as a year or month or
season.
, What is the attributable mortality rate? - Correct Answer- It's the ratio of the number of
patients who die as a direct result of the disease of interest to the overall population with the
disease. Example: 1 death due to influence / 100 cases of influenza = 1% mortality.
What is the device-associated incidence rate? - Correct Answer- Ratio of the number of new
cases of device-related infection to the number of days of device utilization in the population
at risk.
• ex. 0.6 infections / 100 device use days
What are two conditions that are NOT infections? - Correct Answer- 1. Colonization
2. Simple tissue inflammation
What is colonization? - Correct Answer- Presence of superficial microbes on skin, mucous
membranes, open wounds or secretions that are not causing clinical symptoms.
What is simple tissue inflammation? - Correct Answer- Tissue response to injury or
stimulation by noninfectious agents such as chemicals or physical stress.
What aspects of the hospital should be targeted for surveillance? - Correct Answer- 1. Special
patient populations: Surgical, pediatric, ICU
2. Medical procedures: Diagnostic and therapeutic
3. Specific pathogens: S. aureus, MRSA, C. difficile
4. Specific areas of the hospital: common air, water, etc.
What are the methods of spread of nosocomial infections? - Correct Answer- - Direct contact
- Indirect contact
- Droplet contact
- Airborne contact
- Vector-borne contact
Give an example of direct nosocomial disease spread. - Correct Answer- Examples include
contaminated food or IV solutions.
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