Microbiology
Chapter 4-
Prokaryotes (120
questions
already graded
A+)
Distinguishing Characteristics- Prokaryotes
("Prenucleus") - answer 1. DNA not enclosed w/in
a membrane. Singular circularly arranged
chromosome.
2. NOT associated with histones
3. Lack membrane-enclosed organelles
4. Cell walls almost always have complex
polysaccharide peptidoglycan
5. Binary fission. (DNA copies, split into two)
,Distinguishing Characteristics- Eukaryotes ("True
Nucleus") - answer 1. DNA is in nucleus and in
multiple chromosomes. Separated from cytoplasm
by a nuclear membrane.
2. DNA associated with proteins- Histones and Non-
histones.
3. Membrane-enclosed organelles: Mitochondria,
ER, Golgi Complex, Lysosomes and Chloroplasts.
4. If cell walls= simple!
5. Mitosis
Bacteria range in size from _____ in diameter and
______ in length. - answer 0.2-2.0 micrometers -
diameter
2-8 micrometers- length
What are the 3 possible shapes of bacteria? -
answer Coccus: spherical
Bacillus: rod-shaped
Spiral
Cocci are usually ______ and are elongated and
flattened on one side - answer Round
Cocci ______ to reproduce - answer divide!
, After division of Cocci, cells can remain attached.
If they remain in pairs= ________
Remain in chainlike patterns= _______
Divide in 2 plains and remain in groups of 4 =___
Divide in 3 planes & remain in groups of 8=_____
Divide in many planes & form clusters=________ -
answer Pairs= diplococci
Patterns= streptococci
Groups of 4= tetrads
Groups of 8= sarcinae
Clusters= staphylococci
Bacilli appear as _______ and divide only across their
short axis - answer single rods
Diplobacilli - answer Appear in pairs after division
Streptobacilli - answer Occur in chains
Coccobacilli - answer Oval, look very similar to
coci
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