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Ammonium ion
Ξ -:- NH₄⁺
Nitrate ion
Ξ -:- NO₃⁻
Nitric Acid
Ξ -:- HNO₃
Covalent bond
Ξ -:- A covalent bond is the strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of
electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Dative covalent bond
Ξ -:- A dative covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons where both electrons are
from the same atom
Cyanide ion
Ξ -:- CN⁻
Shape of molecule with *2* bonded electron pairs
Ξ -:- Linear, 180 °
Shape of molecule with *3* bonded electron pairs
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Ξ -:- Triagonal planar, 120 °
Shape of molecule with *5* bonded electron pairs
Ξ -:- Triagonal bipyramidal, 90 ° and 120 °
Shape of molecule with *6* bonded electron pairs
Ξ -:- Octrahedral, 90 °
Shape of molecule with *4* bonded regions *only*
Ξ -:- Tetrahedral, 109.5 °
Shape of molecule with *4* bonded electron pairs, *2* bonded regions
Ξ -:- Linear, 180 °
Shape of molecule with *4* bonded electron pairs, *3* bonded regions
Ξ -:- Triagonal planar, 120 °
Shape of molecule with *4* bonded electron pairs *and* lone pairs
Ξ -:- Non-linear or pyramidal, angle reduced by 2.5 ° for each lone pair
hydroxide ion
Ξ -:- OH⁻
Sulfate ion
Ξ -:- SO₄²⁻
Carbonate ion
Ξ -:- CO₃²⁻
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Ammonium ion
Ξ -:- NH₄⁺
Zinc(II) ion
Ξ -:- Zn²⁺
Silver(I) ion
Ξ -:- Ag⁺
Number of particles
Ξ -:- Mols x Avagadro's number
Volume
Ξ -:- Mols x Molar gas volume
Acid
Ξ -:- A species that releases H⁺ ions in aqueous solution.
Activation energy (Ea
Ξ -:- The minimum energy required to start a reaction by breaking of bonds
Actual yield
Ξ -:- The amount of product obtained from a reaction
Addition polymerisation
Ξ -:- Formation of a very long molecular chain (addition polymer), by repeated
addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers)
Adsorption
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