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PHARM MIDTERM REVIEW FOR SPC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
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PHARM MIDTERM REVIEW FOR SPC EXAMQUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is the required prescription information? - ANSWER Patient name
The date order was written
Drug name
Dose amount
Dose frequency
Route of administration
Prescribers signature
What are the 9 rights of medication administration? - ANSWER Right drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route and form
Right patient
Right documentation
Right reason
Right of the patient to refuse
Define half-life - ANSWER The time required for one half of a given drug to be
removed from the body.
Define first pass effect - ANSWER The process in which the drug passes to the
,liver first, where it is either metabolized to an inactive form or a drug metabolite,
and a much smaller amount will pass into the circulation as a result.
Tolerance - ANSWER Reduced response to a drug after prolonged use.
Inotropic effect - ANSWER Effects CONTRACTION
Negative inotropic = decreased contractility
Positive inotropic = increase contractility *Think I from inotropic + con from
contraction = ICON (just to remember)
Dromotropic effect - ANSWER Effect CONDUCTION
Negative dromotropic = decreased conduction
Positive dromotropic = increased conduction
Chronotropic effect - ANSWER Effect RATE
Negative chronotropic = decrease rate
Positive chronotropic - increase rate
Adjuvant therapy - ANSWER Therapy that is given in addition to the primary or
initial therapy to maximize its effectiveness.
A1C - an ANSWER Blood test that measures glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)
to assess glucose control over 90 days
Oral administration route - ANSWER Positive: Usually easier to take, more
convenient and less expensive. Safe than an injection and more easily reversible.
Negative: Variable absorption
Sublingual administration route - ANSWER Positive: absorbed rapidly and leads to
more rapid onset of action
Negative: Patients may accidentally swallow the pill
Rectal administration route - ANSWER Positive; Rapid absorption, a good
alternative when oral administration is not available
Negative: Patient discomfort and embarrassment, may be more expensive than the
, oral route
Topical administration route - ANSWER Positive: Delivers medication directly to
the affected area and decreases the likelihood of systemic drug effects
Negative: Sometimes hard to self-administer and can be messy
IV administration route - ANSWER Positive: provides rapid onset, more control of
drug levels, avoids first-pass effect
Negative: higher cost, risk of infection, risk of embolism, risk of fluid overload
IM and SQ administration route - ANSWER Positive: Good for poorly soluble
drugs
Negative: Pain and discomfort for patient, slower onset of action compared to IV
Transdermal administration route - ANSWER Positive: provides constant rate of
drug absorption and can last longer
Negative: Body temp and perspiration can affect absorption, patch may peel off,
higher cost
Inhalational administration route - ANSWER Positive: Rapid absorption, the drug
is delivered directly to lung tissue
Negative: Absorption can be too rapid, and requires more patient education
Rapid-acting insulin - ANSWER Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine (Think LAG, like the
opposite of Rapid)
Onset of action/duration for Rapid-acting insulin - ANSWER Onset: 15-30mins
Duration: 3-5hrs
When to administer Rapid-acting insulin - ANSWER 15-30mins before a meal,
subQ
Short-acting insulin - ANSWER regular insulin
Onset of Action/duration for Short-Acting Insulin - ANSWER Onset: 30-60
minutes
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