MLSC 4341 Exam 1 Questions &
Answers 2024/2025
What is respiration? - ANSWERS-Process organisms use to make energy (ATP)
-Convert energy found in O2 or inorganic molecules to make ATP
What are aerobic organisms (O2)? - ANSWERS-Use O2 during respiration
-Grow in ambient (room) air
What are anaerobic organisms? - ANSWERS-Use inorganic molecule (often N2) during respiration
-Intolerant of O2
What is an obligate aerobe? - ANSWERS-Must use O2
-No oxygen means not living
What is a facultative anaerobe? - ANSWERS-Capable of adaptive behavior
-Can grow in the presence or absence of O2
What is a microaerophile? - ANSWERS-Grow best at decreased O2 and increased CO2
-Need some oxygen but not nearly as much
-Need increase in amount of CO2
What is a capnophilic organism? - ANSWERS-Require increased (5-10%) CO2
-Does not grow in oxygen or ambient (room) air
What is an aerotolerant anaerobe? - ANSWERS-Scant growth in room air or increased CO2 (not a lot of
growth in either of these conditions)
-Grows best in an anaerobic jar
,What is an obligate anaerobe? - ANSWERS-Cannot tolerate ANY oxygen
-Grows best in an anaerobic jar
What is an anaerobic chamber/glove box? - ANSWERS-A chamber with an incubator that is attached to
N2 and mixed gas tanks
-Plates are exchanged in a chamber that gets flushed with N2 and mixed gases
-Achieve conditions within minutes and can work directly inside
-Not used as much anymore
What is the Gas-Pak anaerobic jar? - ANSWERS-Envelope system that removes O2 by the production of
H2 and CO2
-Requires up to 2 hours to achieve anaerobic conditions and must work on the cultures in a normal
atmosphere
-More common than a chamber
What are the two indicators that can be used in the Gas-Pak anaerobic jar? - ANSWERS-Methylene blue
-Resazurin
What is the color system of the methylene blue indicator in the Gas-Pak anaerobic jar? - ANSWERS-
White is anaerobic
-Blue is aerobic
What is the color system of the resazurin indicator in the Gas-Pak anaerobic jar? - ANSWERS-Pink is
aerobic
-Clear is anaerobic
What is the Anaerobic-Pack/Waterless gas-generating system? - ANSWERS-Single use disposable packets
that do not use catalysts or water
-Once packet is removed from foil pouch, it must be placed in jar within 1 minute
-O2 is quickly absorbed with the formation of CO2
, What is the Anoxomat system? - ANSWERS-Uses 3 cycles to flush jar
-Can make anaerobic conditions in 1-3 minutes and microaerophilic in 20 seconds
-Rechargable catalyst
-Makes a gas mixture of 10% CO2, 5% H2, and 85% N2
What are the three ways to achieve capnophilic conditions? - ANSWERS-CO2 incubator (5-10%)
-CO2 packs (5%)
-Candle jar (3%)
How do microbes reproduce? - ANSWERS-Binary fission
How does binary fission take place? - ANSWERS-Cell elongates
-DNA is replicated
-Cell wall and membrane grow inward
-In-growing cell walls meet
-Formation of 2 identical daughter cells
What are the mechanisms of transferring DNA from one organism to another? - ANSWERS-
Transformation
-Conjugation
-Transduction
What is transformation? - ANSWERS-Free DNA fragments from dead organisms enter a related species
across the cell wall
-DNA fragments are exchanged for a piece of the recipient's DNA
What is transduction? - ANSWERS-DNA is transferred from one cell to another by a bacteriophage
(bacterial virus)
Answers 2024/2025
What is respiration? - ANSWERS-Process organisms use to make energy (ATP)
-Convert energy found in O2 or inorganic molecules to make ATP
What are aerobic organisms (O2)? - ANSWERS-Use O2 during respiration
-Grow in ambient (room) air
What are anaerobic organisms? - ANSWERS-Use inorganic molecule (often N2) during respiration
-Intolerant of O2
What is an obligate aerobe? - ANSWERS-Must use O2
-No oxygen means not living
What is a facultative anaerobe? - ANSWERS-Capable of adaptive behavior
-Can grow in the presence or absence of O2
What is a microaerophile? - ANSWERS-Grow best at decreased O2 and increased CO2
-Need some oxygen but not nearly as much
-Need increase in amount of CO2
What is a capnophilic organism? - ANSWERS-Require increased (5-10%) CO2
-Does not grow in oxygen or ambient (room) air
What is an aerotolerant anaerobe? - ANSWERS-Scant growth in room air or increased CO2 (not a lot of
growth in either of these conditions)
-Grows best in an anaerobic jar
,What is an obligate anaerobe? - ANSWERS-Cannot tolerate ANY oxygen
-Grows best in an anaerobic jar
What is an anaerobic chamber/glove box? - ANSWERS-A chamber with an incubator that is attached to
N2 and mixed gas tanks
-Plates are exchanged in a chamber that gets flushed with N2 and mixed gases
-Achieve conditions within minutes and can work directly inside
-Not used as much anymore
What is the Gas-Pak anaerobic jar? - ANSWERS-Envelope system that removes O2 by the production of
H2 and CO2
-Requires up to 2 hours to achieve anaerobic conditions and must work on the cultures in a normal
atmosphere
-More common than a chamber
What are the two indicators that can be used in the Gas-Pak anaerobic jar? - ANSWERS-Methylene blue
-Resazurin
What is the color system of the methylene blue indicator in the Gas-Pak anaerobic jar? - ANSWERS-
White is anaerobic
-Blue is aerobic
What is the color system of the resazurin indicator in the Gas-Pak anaerobic jar? - ANSWERS-Pink is
aerobic
-Clear is anaerobic
What is the Anaerobic-Pack/Waterless gas-generating system? - ANSWERS-Single use disposable packets
that do not use catalysts or water
-Once packet is removed from foil pouch, it must be placed in jar within 1 minute
-O2 is quickly absorbed with the formation of CO2
, What is the Anoxomat system? - ANSWERS-Uses 3 cycles to flush jar
-Can make anaerobic conditions in 1-3 minutes and microaerophilic in 20 seconds
-Rechargable catalyst
-Makes a gas mixture of 10% CO2, 5% H2, and 85% N2
What are the three ways to achieve capnophilic conditions? - ANSWERS-CO2 incubator (5-10%)
-CO2 packs (5%)
-Candle jar (3%)
How do microbes reproduce? - ANSWERS-Binary fission
How does binary fission take place? - ANSWERS-Cell elongates
-DNA is replicated
-Cell wall and membrane grow inward
-In-growing cell walls meet
-Formation of 2 identical daughter cells
What are the mechanisms of transferring DNA from one organism to another? - ANSWERS-
Transformation
-Conjugation
-Transduction
What is transformation? - ANSWERS-Free DNA fragments from dead organisms enter a related species
across the cell wall
-DNA fragments are exchanged for a piece of the recipient's DNA
What is transduction? - ANSWERS-DNA is transferred from one cell to another by a bacteriophage
(bacterial virus)
