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BSNC 1000 - GAS EXCHANGE REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS $8.99   Add to cart

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BSNC 1000 - GAS EXCHANGE REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

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  • Course
  • BSNC 100
  • Institution
  • BSNC 100

Gas Exchange Process by which O2 is transported to cells and CO2 is transported from cells Scope of Gas Exchange Optimal - Impaired - Cessation Hypoxia Low O2 delivery to tissues Hypoxemia Decreased O2 in blood Anoxia Lack of O2 Vital Capacity volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum ...

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  • August 27, 2024
  • 8
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BSNC 100
  • BSNC 100
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twishfrancis
BSNC 1000 - GAS EXCHANGE REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Gas Exchange ✅Process by which O2 is transported to cells and CO2 is transported
from cells

Scope of Gas Exchange ✅Optimal - Impaired - Cessation

Hypoxia ✅Low O2 delivery to tissues

Hypoxemia ✅Decreased O2 in blood

Anoxia ✅Lack of O2

Vital Capacity ✅volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
(Assesses strength of thoracic muscles and pulmonary function)

Vital Capacity Equation ✅TV + IRV + ERV

Cilia ✅Moves and sweeps away secretions or foreign bodies from the epithelial
surface

Chest Compliance ✅Ability of chest to expand

Ventilation ✅- CO2 levels rise
- Chemoreceptors transmit impulses to diaphragm
- Intercostal muscles contract
- Diaphragm contracts
- Negative pressure pulls O2 in from atmosphere
- Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles increases the volume of
lungs
- Decrease in pressure
- Pressure gradient makes air flow into lungs

Alveolar-Capillary Diffusion ✅- Nose warms and humidifies the air
- Air flows to alveoli through trachea and bronchi
- Alveolar walls lines with Type I alveolar cells which provide wall structure
- In between are Type II alveolar cells which produce surfactant
- O2 diffuses into pulmonary capillaries
- O2 dissolves into plasma and attaches to hemoglobin so that it can be transported to
cells

, Surfactant ✅- Lipoprotein that coats inner surface of alveoli to keep them open
- Reduces surface tension

PaO2 ✅- O2 dissolves in plasma
- Partial pressure of O2 in artery)

SaO2 ✅- O2 attached to hemoglobin
- Saturation of arterial hemoglobin

Hemoglobin Desaturation ✅- O2 released from hemoglobin at the cellular level
- High pressure of CO2 in cells causes it to diffuse into plasma (PaCO2)
- PaCO2 decreases
- Signals medulla to initiate inhalation until CO2 levels rise again to repeat process

PaCO2 ✅Partial pressure of CO2 in artery
Normal: 35-45 mmHg

Determinants of Impaired Gas Exchange ✅- Fatigue - decreased O2 demand
- Increased HR/RR because cells need more O2
- Decreased mitochondrial respiration/oxidation
- Respiratory acidosis
- Metabolic acidosis
- Ischemia/Necrosis

Risk Factors for Impaired Gas Exchange in Older Adults ✅- Clients on bed rest
- Chronic diseases (COPD)
- Immunosuppression
- Family History
- Environmental Irritant
- Smoking

COPD ✅- Obstructive airway disease
- Inflammation and fibrosis of bronchial wall
- Hypertrophy of submucosal glands and hyper-secretion of mucus
- Loss of elastic lung fibres and alveolar tissue

COPD on Gas Exchange ✅- Wheezing
- Air isn't readily exhaled due to narrowing/obstruction of airway

Emphysema Complications ✅- Destruction of lung tissue
- Damage to alveolar walls
- Increased respiration to maintain O2 levels
- Barrel chest
- Inflammation of alveoli due to irritants

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