PPR 160 Exam with correct Answers
sensoriomotor stage - Answer -0-2 reality based schemes. Reflex actions-goal directed
activities. Object permanence emerges.
Schemes (Piaget) - Answer -Mental patterns that guide behavior. Cognitive structures
that help individual process and organize info to make sense of their environment.
preoperational stage - Answer -2-7 years. Language development. Symbolic play.
Egocentrism. Play demonstrates increasing imaginative capacity. Inability to understand
another's point of view.
Assimilation - Answer -Understanding of new experiences in terms of existing schemes.
concrete operational stage - Answer -7-11. Elementary grade years. Solves concrete-
hands on problems in logical fashion. Understands law of conservation.
Seriation - Answer -(Piaget) ability to sort objects or situations by size, color, shape or
type.
conservation - Answer -the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number
remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
formal operational stage - Answer -11-adulthood. Engage in logical, abstract and
hypothetical thought. Develop hypothesis. Concerns about social issues & identity.
disequilibration - Answer -Imbalance between what a child understands and what the
child encounters through new experiences.
Equilibration (Piaget) - Answer -The process of restoring balance between present
understanding and new experiences.(how children shift from one stage of thought to
another)
Autonomous Morality (Piaget) - Answer -10+ years morality is not a matter of obeying
external authorities, but rather, moral rules grow out of human relationships and we
must respect people's differing opinions.
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - Answer -8 stages from infancy to
old age. Healthy personality results from successfully completing each stage.
, trust vs mistrust stage - Answer -Erickson 0-1 yr. period during which infants develop a
sense of trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by their
caregivers. Optimism and hope.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answer -Erikson's stage 1-3yrs in which a toddler
learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame
and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson) - Answer -Erikson's third psychosocial crisis, in which
children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at
them 3-6 years.
Industry vs. Inferiority - Answer -Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child
learns to be productive
identity vs. role confusion - Answer -Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young
adults search for and become their true selves. 12-20 years.
identity confusion - Answer -Erikson's term for uncertainty about who one is and where
one is going
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Answer -Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply
personal relationships, marry, begin families. 21-39. 1st stage of adult development.
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Answer -Erikson's stage of social development in which
middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and
doing public service. 2nd stage of adult development.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Answer -(Erikson) People in late adulthood either achieve a
sense of integrity of the self by accepting the lives they have lived or yield to despair
that their lives cannot be relived 65+
maladjustment - Answer -the condition of being unable to adapt properly to your
environment with resulting emotional instability
Kohl berg theory of moral development - Answer -Defines 3 levels of morality that an
individual moves through.
Preconventional - Answer -morality at this level of Kohlberg's theory is determined by
the will of outside authority (adults such as parents and teachers) and centers around
gaining reward or avoiding punishment.
conventional morality - Answer -second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development
in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of
behavior.
sensoriomotor stage - Answer -0-2 reality based schemes. Reflex actions-goal directed
activities. Object permanence emerges.
Schemes (Piaget) - Answer -Mental patterns that guide behavior. Cognitive structures
that help individual process and organize info to make sense of their environment.
preoperational stage - Answer -2-7 years. Language development. Symbolic play.
Egocentrism. Play demonstrates increasing imaginative capacity. Inability to understand
another's point of view.
Assimilation - Answer -Understanding of new experiences in terms of existing schemes.
concrete operational stage - Answer -7-11. Elementary grade years. Solves concrete-
hands on problems in logical fashion. Understands law of conservation.
Seriation - Answer -(Piaget) ability to sort objects or situations by size, color, shape or
type.
conservation - Answer -the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number
remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
formal operational stage - Answer -11-adulthood. Engage in logical, abstract and
hypothetical thought. Develop hypothesis. Concerns about social issues & identity.
disequilibration - Answer -Imbalance between what a child understands and what the
child encounters through new experiences.
Equilibration (Piaget) - Answer -The process of restoring balance between present
understanding and new experiences.(how children shift from one stage of thought to
another)
Autonomous Morality (Piaget) - Answer -10+ years morality is not a matter of obeying
external authorities, but rather, moral rules grow out of human relationships and we
must respect people's differing opinions.
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - Answer -8 stages from infancy to
old age. Healthy personality results from successfully completing each stage.
, trust vs mistrust stage - Answer -Erickson 0-1 yr. period during which infants develop a
sense of trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by their
caregivers. Optimism and hope.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answer -Erikson's stage 1-3yrs in which a toddler
learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame
and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson) - Answer -Erikson's third psychosocial crisis, in which
children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at
them 3-6 years.
Industry vs. Inferiority - Answer -Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child
learns to be productive
identity vs. role confusion - Answer -Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young
adults search for and become their true selves. 12-20 years.
identity confusion - Answer -Erikson's term for uncertainty about who one is and where
one is going
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Answer -Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply
personal relationships, marry, begin families. 21-39. 1st stage of adult development.
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Answer -Erikson's stage of social development in which
middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and
doing public service. 2nd stage of adult development.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Answer -(Erikson) People in late adulthood either achieve a
sense of integrity of the self by accepting the lives they have lived or yield to despair
that their lives cannot be relived 65+
maladjustment - Answer -the condition of being unable to adapt properly to your
environment with resulting emotional instability
Kohl berg theory of moral development - Answer -Defines 3 levels of morality that an
individual moves through.
Preconventional - Answer -morality at this level of Kohlberg's theory is determined by
the will of outside authority (adults such as parents and teachers) and centers around
gaining reward or avoiding punishment.
conventional morality - Answer -second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development
in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of
behavior.
