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PPR Review Questions and Answers
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PPR Review Questions and Answers
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PPR Review Questions and AnswersTransitions - Answer -There are 2 types of transitions that a teacher must plan for:
(a) moving children from one type of activity to another
(b)changing from one subject to another.
Schema - Answer -knowledge structure or mental organization of a concept. (PIAGET)
Private Speech - Answer -"self talk" or oral directions where VYGOTSKY says people
both self-guide and monitor their thinking and problem solving by talking out loud to
themselves.
Developmentally Appropriate - Answer -teachers should design instruction that matches
the students cognitive,physical,social and emotional stages.
Scaffolding - Answer -children can often do many tasks with assistance from adults or
knowledgeable peers.
*** AS CHILDREN BECOME COMPETENT, SUPPORT IS GRADUALLY REDUCED***
Readiness - Answer -a teacher must consider the students current ability to complete a
task.
Psychomotor Domain - Answer -children learn physical skills in a particular order.
1. Perception: pays attention to
2. Set: learners become prepared mentally
3. Guided Response: learner tries with coaching
4. Mechanism: learner practices to improve
5. Complex or overt responses: learner becomes proficient
6. Adaptation: learner transfers current skill to the new one.
7. Origination: learner can create original skills based upon a new one.
Formal operational stage - Answer -children ages 11-adult obtain the ability to think
abstractly. (PIAGET)
Pr-conventional moral reasoning - Answer -children decide if something is wrong by the
consequences (reward or punishment) that are received following a behavior.
( KOHLBERG)
Conventional Moral Reasoning - Answer -children decide on a particular action to gain
approval. (KOHLBERG)
, Pre-Moral Stage - Answer -very young children are unaware of right,wrong and rules.
(PIAGET)
Moral absolute stage - Answer -Piaget believed that young children entering school
have no flexibility with rules despite any extenuating circumstances; thus teachers must
establish broad general rules.
Maturation - Answer -internally determined changes in a person.
Development - Answer -according to educational theorist,humans change
cognitively,physically,socially and emotionally over the course of their lives in systematic
ways.
Egocentrism - Answer -young children do not have the ability to see their perspective of
others.
Cognitive Development - Answer -changes in mental operations of thinking and
reasoning.
children go through 4 stages of change in mental processes.
(a) sensory motor
(b) pre-operational
(c) concrete operational
(d) formal operational
Concrete operational stage - Answer -at about ages 7-11,children can perform
advanced thinking, but it must be based on concrete experiences. (PIAGET) Many
students do not leave this stage right at 11; therefore many high school students may
still have trouble thinking abstractly and secondary teachers should continue to offer
many concrete experiences.
students develop the abilities to conserve, consider more than one aspect of a problem,
classify, use seriation when they have concrete experiences , and manipulative.
Pre-operational Stage - Answer -2-7 year olds develop symbolic thought and intuitive
thinking. (PIAGET)
Zone of proximal development - Answer -teachers seek to instruct at the place at which
a child can succeed at a task with some help from a skilled peer or adult.
Initiative-vs-Guilt - Answer -from the age of 3-6 years old children can develop either
independence or dependence on adults as a result of being encouraged or allowed to
explore and take risks.
***IF PUNISHED, THEY WILL BE LESS LIKELY TO BE RISK TAKERS***
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