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TOX EXAM STUDY GUIDE

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TOX EXAM STUDY GUIDE

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  • August 27, 2024
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Greaterheights
TOX EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Toxicology - Answers -harmful of advrse effects on living organisms

toxicologist - Answers -one who studies toxicology

poison - Answers -any agent of causing harm in response to biological system

toxicant - Answers -produced by or by products

toxin - Answers -toxic substance produced my natural system (plant, animal, fungi,
bacteria)

xenobiotic - Answers -foreign chemical- manufactured/ natural

target organ - Answers -organ most affected by toxin

what determines toxicity of an agent - Answers --dose
-if agent reaches target organ

are all toxic substances created equal - Answers -no some require small doses to have
big effect some require more.

Mechanistic Toxicology - Answers -An area of focus in toxicology concerned with
determining why (or how) agents causes a toxic response

descriptive toxicology - Answers -test agent- animal testing- toxicity

Regulatory toxicologist - Answers -uses both to make safety guidelines

, what kind of effects can be seen - Answers -birth defects
allergies
cancer
death
mutations

LD50 - Answers -is the dose that will produce death in 50% of the population
(doesn't give full spectrum of toxicity, just Lethality)

natural toxins - Answers -tetrodotoxin and botulinum toxin

main exposure routes - Answers -Ingestion, inhalation, dermal (skin)(biggest barrier,
most layers)

other routes of administration - Answers -IV-vein
IM-intramuscular
IP-into gut

ADBE - Answers -absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion

ADME - Answers -absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

acute exposure - Answers -less than 24 hours

Sub-acute - Answers -one month or less

sub-chronic exposure - Answers -exposure for 1-3 months

chronic exposure - Answers -exposure for more than three months

there is a relationship between elimination rate vs frequency of exposure - Answers -
shorter elimination rate , harder to to get into toxic ragnge
longer elimination rate, easily Get into toxic range

idiosyncratic reaction - Answers -an unexpected reaction specific to the individual

Hapten - Answers -small chemical entity bind to things in body that starts allergic
reaction Ex. Urushiol - binds to endogenous protein, t-cell recognize - next Time you
touch response via T cell

Local vs. Systemic toxicity - Answers -general site of action, affects distant organ
ex. tetraethyl lead- cause skin irritation(local) as well as central nervous toxicity (distant)

additive effect - Answers -(2+2=4) combined effect of 2 chemicals is equal to the sum of
effects given alone

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