NUR 370 Vaccine Preventable Childhood Diseases Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 370
Institution
NUR 370
The disease causes membrane formation at the site of infection that may cause respiratory obstruction Diphtheria
Children's first sign of the disease is a rash that progresses from macules to papules to vesicles before crusting. Varicella (chicken pox)
Symptoms of chickenpox Fever, general malais...
NUR 370 Vaccine Preventable Childhood
Diseases Review Questions and Correct
Answers
The disease causes membrane formation at the site of infection that may cause
respiratory obstruction ✅Diphtheria
Children's first sign of the disease is a rash that progresses from macules to papules to
vesicles before crusting. ✅Varicella (chicken pox)
Symptoms of chickenpox ✅Fever, general malaise, rash (pox)
Everyone that is at risk for chickenpox are those who ✅haven't been vaccinated
Pertussis ✅This disease is also called "whooping cough"
Pertussis is caused by the bacterium ✅Bordetella pertussis
The bacteria attach to the cilia and produce toxins that paralyze the cilia. The toxins
also cause inflammation and narrowing airways because the cilia are paralyzed the
person cannot clear the thick pulmonary secretions
Pertussis ✅- It is a highly contagious respiratory infection
- Transmission most commonly occurs via respiratory droplets
- Also called "whooping cough"
Chickenpox (Varicella) ✅Caused by the Varicella Zoster Virus
- Transmission is most often person-to-person spread via respiratory droplets
- Incubation period is 11-21 days after exposure
- The disease is usually mild but can become complicated; open lesions may develop
serious bacterial infections that can lead to hospitalization or death
- Herpes Zoster (singles) is the reemergence of the virus in adults.
Symptoms of varicella (chickenpox) ✅Children begin with a rash then fever.
- Children's 1st sign of the disease is a rash that progresses from macules to papules to
vesicles before crusting.
- The lesions generally start on the head and then progress to the trunk.
- The majority of the lesions are usually located on the trunk.
Outcomes for varicella (chickenpox) ✅Chickenpox infections may leave scars all of the
body.
, Complications include: secondary infections and encephalitis.
Mortality rate of chickenpox ✅Before the release of the vaccine in 1996,
11,000 people were hospitalized with varicella each year in the U.S. In 1990-1996, there
were 103 deaths each year from chicken pox, most in immunocompromised adults and
children.
- after the vaccine was introduced, deaths from chickenpox dropped more than 90%
Diphtheria (general info) ✅Caused by the bacterium corynebacterium diphtheria
- transmission is most often person-to-person spread via respiratory droplets.
- The word diphtheria comes from greek and means "leather hide", a reference to the
membrane that is characteristic of the disease.
- THe disease was decribed in the 5th century BCE by Hippocrates
Symptoms of diphtheria ✅Symptoms are based on the site of the infection. Infection
may occur in the nose, throat, or larynx, the most common site is the throat.**
- The bacteria releases a toxin which causes membrane formation at the site of the
infection and tissue damage.
- The exudate spreads within 2-3 days and forms a membrane that may cause
respiratory obstruction.
Outcomes for diphtheria ✅Complications of diphtheria are:
- myocarditis, which causes abnormal cardiac rhythms and may be fatal, and
- neuritis, which may cause localized paralysis but which usually resolves
Mortality for diphtheria ✅In the 1920's: there were 100,000-200,000 cases of
diphtheria in the US that resulted in 13,000-15,000 deaths each year. It was among the
top 4 causes of death for children.
- Diphtheria continues to occur in other parts of the world. A major epidemic of
diphtheria occurred in the countries of the former Soviet Union, beginning in 1990.
- By 1994, the epidemic had affected all 15 newly independent states.
- More than 157,000 cases that resulted in more than 5,000 deaths.
Pertussis symptoms ✅An upper respiratory infection with a distinctive cough with an
inspiratory whooping sound.
- The 1st stage is similar to a cold but after 1-2 weeks, the cough becomes more
severe. The severe cough may last from 1-10 weeks.
- Infants younger than 6 months may not have the strength to "whoop" at the end of the
cough.
- Severe coughing attacks may cause the child to become cyanotic.
Pertussis outcomes ✅The most common complication is a secondary bacterial
pneumonia.
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