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Nu 545 unit 1 set 2 Exam Questions and Answers 2024( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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Nu 545 unit 1 set 2 Exam Questions and Answers 2024( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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Nu 545 unit 1 set 2Calcium and Phosphate - ANS Oppositely related. if one is increased the other is decreased.
regulated by 3 hormones
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - ANS Controls ionized calcium in the blood and extracellular
fluids. Secreted when serum calcium levels are low. Low calcium levels>PTH
secretion>reabsorption of calcium increase, inhibition of phosphate reabsorption increases=
increase serum CA++ and urinary excretion of HPO4
Vitamin D - ANS Decreased calcium levels, stimulates PTH, increased calcium levels and
decreased phosphate levels= renal activation of vitamin D
Calcitonin - ANS Decreased calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity in the bone
Hypocalcemia - ANS inadequate intestinal absorption, deposition of ionized calcium into bone
or soft tissue, blood transfusions, pancreatitis, neoplastic bone metastasis, decreased PTH and
vit D, malabsorption of fat, removal of parathyroid gland, metabolic or resp alkalosis,
hypoalbuminemia
Metabolic Alkalosis caused by extensive vomiting - ANS depletes extracellular fluid (ECF) and
chloride. The volume depletion causes a loss of electrolytes ; sodium, potassium, hydrogen and
chloride which makes renal compensation infectious due to the stimulation of a paradoxical
response of the kidneys.
Erythema and Induration - ANS the vasodilation, increased blood flow and increasing
concentration of red cells at the site of inflammation cause increased warmth and redness and
hardening of the skin
Induration - ANS hardening of the skin caused by the accumulation of cells at the site of
inflammation
Clostridium difficile - ANS the bacterium that grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic
therapy
Reconstructive phase(repair after tissue damage) - ANS begins 3 to 4 days after the initial
injury and continues for as long as 2 weeks.
Maturation phase - ANS begins several weeks after injury and is normally complete within 2
years. cellular differentiation, scar formation and scar remodeling continue
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