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AP Biology Midterm Review Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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AP Biology Midterm Review Exam Questions With Correct Answers Dehydration - answerconnecting monomers together by the removal of water Hydrolysis - answerdisassembling polymers by the addition of water Disaccharides - answerglucose + glucose = maltose / glucose + fructose = sucrose / glucose +...

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  • August 27, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • ap biology midterm review exam questions with corr

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©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/21/2024 1:28 PM



AP Biology Midterm Review Exam Questions
With Correct Answers

Dehydration - answer✔✔connecting monomers together by the removal of water

Hydrolysis - answer✔✔disassembling polymers by the addition of water

Disaccharides - answer✔✔glucose + glucose = maltose / glucose + fructose = sucrose / glucose
+ galactose = lactose

Polysaccharides - answer✔✔Plants: starch (energy) and cellulose (structure)
Animals: glycogen (energy) and chitin (structure)

*Lipids - answer✔✔hydrophobic (very non-polar), consist of long hydrocarbon chains

Fats - answer✔✔consist of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, store long term energy, saturated = no
double bond in hydrocarbon tails (no kink), unsaturated = double bond (kink)

Phospholipids - answer✔✔consist of phosphate head, glycerol, and 2 fatty acid tails, tail is
hydrophobic, head is hydrophillic

Protein structure and organization - answer✔✔composed of an amino group, a carboxyl group,
hydrogen, and an R group, joined by peptide bonds and folded numerous times; 1) Primary
(linear sequence) 2) Secondary (helix or pleat) 3) Tertiary 4) Quaternary (globular)

Protein functions (8) - answer✔✔1) enzymes 2) antibodies 3) storage proteins 4) transport
proteins 5) hormones 6) receptor proteins 7) motor proteins 8) structural proteins

*Nucleic Acids - answer✔✔DNA (A+T, G+C) carries genetic info, RNA (A+U, G+C)
manufactures proteins

Nuclear Envelope - answer✔✔double membrane enclosing the nucleus (where genetic info is
stored) perforated with pores, continuous with ER

Chromatin - answer✔✔uncondensed DNA that forms chromosomes during cell division

Nucleolus - answer✔✔nonmembranous structure involved in production of ribosomes, a nucleus
has one or more of these

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/21/2024 1:28 PM
Rough ER - answer✔✔covered in ribosomes, secretes and transports proteins produced by
ribosomes

Smooth ER - answer✔✔metabollic processes (synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs,
detoxification of drugs and poisons)

Golgi - answer✔✔stores, transports, and secretes cell products

Cytoskeleton - answer✔✔supports cell, maintains its shape, aids in movement of cell products

Centrosomes (2 centrioles) - answer✔✔only in animal cells, microtubules used for cell division

Lysosomes - answer✔✔only in animal cells, digestive organelles

Flagella - answer✔✔only in animal cells, cluster of microtubules for motility

Extracellular Matrix - answer✔✔only in animal cells, made of proteins that provide support for
cells and relay information for communication between the environment and the cell

Central Vacuole - answer✔✔only in plant cells, stores water and sugar, breaks down waste, and
used as a mechanism for plant growth (when it swells)

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic - answer✔✔nucleoid / nucleus; only ribosomes / complex membrane-
bound organelles; both have same genetic coding, sugars, and amino acids

Phospholipid Bilayer - answer✔✔tails of phospholipids are loosely packed and are in constant
motion; membrane contains integral and peripheral proteins, cholestrol, and glycopreotins and
glycolipids; cholesterol makes the membrane less permeable to water and other substances; non-
polar and small polar molecules can pass through unadied

Passive trasport - answer✔✔movement of molecules without requirement of energy: 1) diffusion
2) osmosis (across a membrane) 3) facilitated diffusion (helped by transport proteins)

Active transport - answer✔✔movement of molecules that requires energy: 1) sodium-potassium
pumps 2) exocytosis 3) endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinocytosis)

Membrane Potential - answer✔✔voltage across a membrane due to difference in positive and
negative ions, electrons move from high to low concentration (ex. sodium-potassium pumps in
neurons)

Electrochemical Gradient - answer✔✔diffusion gradient resulting in combination of membrane
potential and concentration gradient

Hypertonic - answer✔✔solution with higher concentration of solutes, animal/plant cell in this
solution would become shiveled/plasmolyzed

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