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COMD 5070 Exam 1 -Answered
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COMD 5070 Exam 1 -Answered
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COMD 5070 Exam 1 -Answered3D spectrogram features - ANSWER-X axis =time /Y axis= frequency /darkness
=intensity
4 features of the scientific method - ANSWER-1) Science is empirical- we collect data
and interpret it (based on data)
2) Science is Deterministic - Things are not random. Because of cause and effect, we
can draw generalizations from the data that we have and extrapolate
3) Science is predictive - if you do this, then that will happen.
4) Science is parsimonious - use the simplest explanation possible, try to describe
things in economical terms so we can understand it. Use the simplest terms possible,
but no simpler.
A person's ability to go from soft to loud varies depending : - ANSWER-On pitch
Aliasing - ANSWER-When sampling too slowly, you will inaccurately record the original
signal. High, original frequencies will be improperly recorded as lower frequencies.
Think of the sine wave, where only certain dots were captured, so the original waveform
is "smoothed out" or aliased.
Analog - ANSWER-Any change in air pressure results in commensurate change in
electrical signal. Analogous to a thermometer, as temperature increases, mercury rises.
Electrical signal through the wire from the microphone is an analog representation of the
sound waveform that the microphone picked up. Nature of signal precisely reflects the
nature of the sound wave that arrived.
at high intensity, - ANSWER-the sounds seem to be equal in loudness to intensity.
Band pass filter - ANSWER-Removes high and low frequencies but lets through the
frequencies in the middle
Band reject filter - ANSWER-Allows all frequencies except for a specific band in the
middle.
Bit resolution - ANSWER-number of "shades of gray" to represent the number of
amplitude values. Bit resolution is represented by the exponent 2 squared - 2 bit
resolution, 2 to the 16th - 16 bit resolution.
Common analog devices - ANSWER-clocks, watches, thermometers, tape measure,
dimmer switch, tape recorder.
Common digital devices - ANSWER-digital clocks, computer, CD, MP3 player. - things
that work with 1's and 0's.
, Digital signal - ANSWER-the signal is digital, not the sound, your ears don't hear digits.
Digital storage format is more convenient and clearer
electroglottograph - ANSWER-Has 2 electrodes that are placed on either side of the
larynx directly on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. A current passes from one to the
other through the vocal folds.
Equal loudness contours - ANSWER-Created by presenting a known frequency (1,000
Hz) and then other tones are played and the listener has to adjust the loudness until it
sounds the same as the 1,000 Hz tone
FFT spectrum - ANSWER-Fast fourier transform - clearly shows range of harmonics
that are present in a complex sound. Shows source but not filter ( formants -
articulators) - individual peaks for the harmonics
Fourier transform - ANSWER-a way to analyze complex sounds by separating them into
their components
Fourier transform is similar to - ANSWER-light through a spectrum, it separates out the
individual colors, like a FT separates out the individual sine waves. So you can now
hear all of the individual sounds that make up the harmonic series - this is the
spectrum / frequency/domain display. Similar to a list of ingredients of a cake.
Frequency - ANSWER-how frequently a waveform repeats. Measured in Hz (cycles per
second). Within the same window length, a higher frequency sound wave will show
more repetitions than a lower frequency sound wave
Frequency Difference limen - ANSWER-smallest change in frequency that is detectable
by a listener. As frequency increases, the DL becomes much greater
Frequency domain display - ANSWER-is a line spectrum that shows the frequency
components of a periodic sound. Frequency is on the X axis and amplitude is on the Y.
general rule is that a 6-10 dB increase - ANSWER-is generally perceived as double as
loud
Graphic representation; - ANSWER-join the dots: the more dots, the better the image,
the fewer, the cruder
Greatest sensitivity to loudness is between - ANSWER-1,000 - 5,000 Hz, threshold is
much higher at very low or very high frequencies
Harmonic Series - ANSWER-has harmonics that are multiples of the fundamental and
are complex, periodic waveforms which are more pleasing to our ears.
High pass filter - ANSWER-allows high frequencies and attenuates low frequencies
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