5 factors that affect absorption - ANSWER✔✔ Route, ability to dissolve, Blood
flow, body SA, lipid solubility
5 factors that affect distribution - ANSWER✔✔ circulation, membrane
permeability, protein binding, ....
Metabolism - ANSWER✔✔ - biotransformation, the change of a drug from its
original form to a new form. (active or inactive)
What happens to a drug in the body when metabolism is altered? - ANSWER✔✔
Medication accumulation which leads to toxicity
,Which organ is usually responsible for most drug metabolism? Which patients
would you watch most closely for abnormal drug responses related to
metabolism? - ANSWER✔✔ The Liver.
Neonates, Geriatrics, Anyone with a liver condition or a condition that impairs
metabolism in anyway.
Which organ is most typically associated with drug excretion? - ANSWER✔✔ The
Kidneys.
What happens if the organs function declines? - ANSWER✔✔ Inability to secrete
excess drugs. Drug toxicity
Which patients need close monitoring for proper drug excretion? - ANSWER✔✔
Neonates, Geriatrics, Anyone with a Kidney condition or a condition that impairs
Excretion in anyway.
Therapeutic Effect - ANSWER✔✔ The desired or intended effect of a particular
medication.
Side Effect - ANSWER✔✔ predictable unavoidable responses, secondary effects
Medication interactions - ANSWER✔✔ one medication modifies the action of
another
Synergistic effects - ANSWER✔✔ Combined effect is greater than the effects of
medications given separately
When would be a good scenario when synergism would be a good thing? When
would is be a bad thing? - ANSWER✔✔ Patient with high blood pressure takes
vasodilators and diuretics.
, Patient taking narcotics and drinking alcohol.
What range can medication move into if you give your patients medication too
early? Too late? - ANSWER✔✔ Toxic levels, Minimum effective concentration or
below which would elicit no effect.
Therapeutic Index - ANSWER✔✔
Half-Life - ANSWER✔✔ The time it takes for one-half of the medication to
disappear from the body. Affected by renal (excretion) and hepatic (breakdown)
status. Correlates with duration of action. The lesser frequency of dosing, the
greater the half-life.
The 3 types of Oral routes - ANSWER✔✔ Sublingual, Buccal, Oral(actually
swallowing)
Intradermal - ANSWER✔✔ injection into the dermis just under the epidermis(15
degrees)
Subcutaneous - ANSWER✔✔ Into fat tissue under dermis of skin(45-90 degrees)
Intramuscular - ANSWER✔✔ into the muscle (90 degrees)
Intravenous - ANSWER✔✔ into the vein
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