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NSC 310 Exam 1 Study Guide questions with actual answers.
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NSC 310 Exam 1 Study Guide questionswith actual answers.
What's EAR? ANS - Estimated Average Intake, can be used to assess population intakes but not
individual intakes.
What's RDA? ANS - Recommended Dietary Allowance: amount of a nutrient needed to meet the
requirements of almost all the (98%) of the healthy population. Can also be used for assessing individual
intake.
What's AI? ANS - Adequate Intake: Based on observed or experimentally determined estimate of
nutrient intake by a group of healthy people. Usually not enough data for EAR.
What's UL? ANS - Tolerable Upper Intake Level: Highest daily intake level not likely to have adverse
effects for almost all people. Takes into account enrichment and fortification.
What values composes the DRI? ANS - Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR), Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), and Acceptable
Macronutrient distribution changes (AMDR)
Which value is likely to meet the nutrient needs for most (98) percent healthy people? ANS - RDA
Which value is based on observed estimate of nutrient intake by a group of healthy individuals due to
lack of scientific research? ANS - Adequate Intake
Which value is appropriate to use when evaluating a nutrition program for a group of school aged
children? ANS - AMDR
Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that work to digest? ANS - CHO, Protein, Fats
,Which value if exceeded is likely to cause toxicity? ANS - Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
What's a control study? ANS - A controlled trial is a study that in which participants are assigned to a
study group.
What's a randomized controlled trial? ANS - Participants are assigned to treatment conditions at
random. This helps eliminate bias and ensure groups are equal.
What's Blinded? ANS - Subjects do not know if they are part of the Control (received placebo) vs
Experimental Group (receive intervention)
What's an Epidemiological Study? ANS - It researches the incidence, distribution, and control of disease
in a population. Also includes cross sectional, case control, and cohort studies.
What's an Experimental Study? ANS - A test that is cause-and-effect relationships between variable.
Experimental studies include laboratory based studies on animals or in test tubes (in vitro) and human
intervention (or clinical) trials.
Name the GI Tract anatomy from top to bottom. ANS - mouth, esophagus, stomach, (duodenum,
jejunum, ileum) All part of the small intestine, and colon at the bottom.
What is mechanical digestion? ANS - The digestion begins in the mouth as the food is chewed.
What is chemical digestion? ANS - The digestion involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients
that can be used by the cells. Also begins in the mouth when food mixes with saliva.
The breakdown of food into nutrients requires secretions from five different organs, what are they?
ANS - Salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver (via gallbladder) and the small intestine.
The role of saliva? ANS - The secretion of the salivary glands. Its principle enzyme begins with
carbohydrate digestion. Its role is to moisten each mouthful of food so that it can pass easily down the
esophagus. Since the saliva contains water, salts, mucus, and enzymes that initiate the digestion of
, carbohydrates. Saliva also protects the teeth and the linings of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach
from substances that might cause damage.
The role of Gastric juice? ANS - The digestive secretion of the gastric glands of the stomach. Gastric
juice consists of water, enzymes, and HCL, which acts primarily in protein digestion. The strong acidity of
the stomach prevents bacterial growth and and kills more bacteria that enter the body with food.
What protects the gastric lining from self-digestion? ANS - The cells of the stomach wall secrete mucus,
a thick, slippery, white substance that coats the cells, protecting them from the acid, enzymes, and
disease causing bacteria that might otherwise cause harm.
What is chyme? ANS - When a food is turned into a semi liquid mass.
The role of pancreatic juice? ANS - The exocrine secretion of the pancreas that contains both enzymes
for the digestion of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, as well as bicarbonate, a neutralizing agent. The juice
flows from the pancreas into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct.
What is the role of bile? ANS - It is an emulsifier that brings fat into suspension in water so that
enzymes can break them down into their component parts. An exocrine secretion made by the liver,
stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine when needed.
What is the major role of the pancreas? ANS - Plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into
fuel for the body's cell. The bicarbonate neutralizes acidic gastric juices; pancreatic enzymes break down
the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
What is the major role of the liver? ANS - To filter the blood coming from the digestive tract before
passing it to the rest of the body. And produces bile.
What is the major role of Gallbladder? ANS - Plays an important role when it comes to the digestion of
our food. Holds bile produced in the liver until it is needed for digesting fatty foods in the duodenum of
the small intestine.
What is peristalsis? ANS - wavelike muscular contractions of the GI tract that push its content along.
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