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Onderzoeksmethoden (OZM) samenvatting + begrippenlijst voor het tentamen (alle informatie)
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  • Course
  • Onderzoeksmethoden
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  • Fontys Hogeschool (Fontys)

- Uitgebreide samenvatting voor het tentamen OZM (uitgebreider als de vorige samenvatting die ik heb geüpload). - Uitgebreide begrippenlijst. - Colleges allemaal toegevoegd. - Alles wat nodig is voor het tentamen!

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Document information

  • August 28, 2024
  • August 28, 2024
  • 82
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary

Subjects

  • onderzoeksmethoden
  • ozm
  • probleemstelling
  • onderzoeksvraag
  • kwantitatief onderzoek
  • observationeel
  • case control studie
  • cross sectioneel
  • diagnostisch onderzoek
  • kwalitatief
  • foc
  • rct randomezd controlled trial

Written for

  • Fontys Hogeschool (Fontys)
  • Podotherapie
  • Onderzoeksmethoden
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ONDERZOEKSMETHODEN

OZM




Vak: onderzoeksmethoden (OZM)
School: Fontys Hogeschool
Leerjaar: 2024
Tentamen: meerkeuze


- Uitgebreide samenvatting + begrippenlijst (zie inhoudsopgave).
- Alles wat nodig is voor het tentamen.3

,1

,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1 ............................................................................................................................ 6
Probleemstelling ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Onderzoeksvraag ...................................................................................................................................................... 7

Hoofdstuk 2: onderzoekdesigns ................................................................................................ 8
Kwantitatief observationeel ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Case control studie: kwantitatief observationeel onderzoek .................................................................................. 10
Cross sectioneel onderzoek: kwantitatief observationeel onderzoek ..................................................................... 11
Cohort onderzoek: kwantitatief observationeel onderzoek .................................................................................... 13
Diagnostisch onderzoek: kwantitatief .................................................................................................................... 15
RCT: kwantitatief interventie onderzoek ................................................................................................................ 16
Kwalitatief onderzoek ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Individueel kwalitatief onderzoek ........................................................................................................................... 20
Focusgroep: kwalitatief onderzoek ........................................................................................................................ 22
Observationeel onderzoek kwalitatief .................................................................................................................... 23

Hoofdstuk 3: betrouwbaarheid en validiteit ........................................................................... 23
Betrouwbaarheid .................................................................................................................................................... 24
Validiteit ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Interne validiteit: .................................................................................................................................................... 25
Externe validiteit: ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Variabelen .............................................................................................................................................................. 25
Onafhankelijke variabelen...................................................................................................................................... 25
Afhankelijke variabelen .......................................................................................................................................... 26
Bias ......................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Selectiebias ............................................................................................................................................................. 26
Informatiebias......................................................................................................................................................... 26
Confounding ........................................................................................................................................................... 26

Hoofdstuk 4: het schrijven van een inleiding van een projectplan ....................................... 27
Doel inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Trechtermodel: structuur inleiding ........................................................................................................................ 27
Controle inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 28
Wetenschappelijke schrijftaal ................................................................................................................................. 28
Objectief: ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Correct .................................................................................................................................................................... 28




2

,Zorgvuldig .............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Onpersoonlijk ......................................................................................................................................................... 28
Zakelijk ................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Hoofdstuk 5: werving selectie van deelnemers ...................................................................... 29
Steekproef vs. Populatie ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Redenen om onderzoekspopulatie af te bakenen .................................................................................................... 29
Werving en selectiecriteria ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Inclusiecriteria ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
Exclusiecriteria....................................................................................................................................................... 30
Generaliseerbaarheid ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Belangrijke aspecten van generaliseerbaarheid: ................................................................................................... 30
Soorten steekproeven .............................................................................................................................................. 30
Aselecte steekproeven ....................................................................................................................................... 30
Systematische aselecte steekproef ..................................................................................................................... 31
Cluster steekproef .............................................................................................................................................. 31
Voordelen en nadelen aselecte steekproeven .................................................................................................... 31
Niet-aselecte steekproeven ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Gemak steekproef (concenientie-steekproef) .................................................................................................... 32
Doelgerichte steekproef ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Sneeuwbalsteekproef ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Voordelen en nadelen aselecte steekproef ......................................................................................................... 32
Nadelen: ............................................................................................................................................................. 32
Niet steekproeffouten .............................................................................................................................................. 33
Non-response: .................................................................................................................................................... 33
Selectieve uitval ................................................................................................................................................. 33
Non-compliance................................................................................................................................................. 33
Hoofdstuk 6: dataverzameling ................................................................................................ 33
Validiteit en betrouwbaarheid ................................................................................................................................ 33
Wijze van dataverzameling ..................................................................................................................................... 34
Keuze onderzoeksdesign ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Onderzoeksopzet ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Omgekeerde causaliteit .......................................................................................................................................... 35
Demografische gegevens ........................................................................................................................................ 36
Uitkomstmaten ........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Sterkte bewijs .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Indirecte metingen .................................................................................................................................................. 37


3

,Validiteit en betrouwbaarheid ................................................................................................................................ 37
Keuze meetinstrument ............................................................................................................................................. 38
Validiteit en betrouwbaarheid van meetinstrumenten ............................................................................................ 38
Betrouwbaarheid van meetinstrumenten ................................................................................................................ 38
Homogeniteit .......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Validiteit van meetinstrumenten ............................................................................................................................. 38
Experiment .............................................................................................................................................................. 39

Hoofdstuk 7: diagnostische waarde van meetinstrumenten .................................................. 39
Diagnostisch onderzoek.......................................................................................................................................... 39
Gouden standaard .................................................................................................................................................. 39
Design van een diagnostische studie ...................................................................................................................... 39
Cross-sectioneel: ................................................................................................................................................ 39
Retrospectief (vaak case-control) ...................................................................................................................... 40
Sensitiviteit tijd en specificiteit ............................................................................................................................... 40
Berekening indicatoren .......................................................................................................................................... 40
Positief/negatief voorspellende waarde ................................................................................................................. 41
Sensitiviteit vs PVW ................................................................................................................................................ 42

Hoofdstuk 8: beschrijvende statistiek: orde scheppen in de chaos ....................................... 42
Statistiek ................................................................................................................................................................. 42
Beschrijvende statistiek ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Toetsende statistiek............................................................................................................................................ 43
Wat is een variabele? ............................................................................................................................................. 43
Meetniveau van variabelen..................................................................................................................................... 43
Voorbeeld Likert-schaal ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Frequentietabel....................................................................................................................................................... 44
Histogram ............................................................................................................................................................... 44
Centrummaten en spreidingsmaten ........................................................................................................................ 45
Centrummaten ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
Spreidingsmaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
Standaarddeviatie (SD) van een steekproef ........................................................................................................... 45
(Normale) verdeling ............................................................................................................................................... 46
Scheefheid van de verdeling: Skewness .................................................................................................................. 46
Salaris (rechts-scheef verdeeld) ............................................................................................................................. 46
Bepaling van normaliteit ........................................................................................................................................ 47

Hoofdstuk 9: Statistische significantie, klinische relevantie en presentatie van data .......... 47



4

, Statistische significantie ......................................................................................................................................... 47
Klinische relevantie ................................................................................................................................................ 48
Presentatie van data ............................................................................................................................................... 49
Tabel ....................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Lijngrafiek: ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
Scatterplot............................................................................................................................................................... 53

Hoofdstuk 10: data-analyse .................................................................................................... 53
Samenhang tussen variabelen ................................................................................................................................ 56
Risicomaten ............................................................................................................................................................ 56
Associatie vs. Overeenstemming ............................................................................................................................ 56

Hoofdstuk 11: observatieonderzoek........................................................................................ 58
Wat is observatie onderzoek? ................................................................................................................................. 58
Observatie: ongestructureerd versus gestructureerd ............................................................................................. 59
Observatieschema................................................................................................................................................... 59

Hoofdstuk 12: kwalitatief onderzoek en ontwikkeling vragenlijsten .................................... 60
Wanneer maak je gebruik van een kwalitatief onderzoek? .................................................................................... 60
Kwalitatief onderzoek: interviews .......................................................................................................................... 61
Analyse: interview .................................................................................................................................................. 61
Data-analyse: coderen ........................................................................................................................................... 62
Open coderen.......................................................................................................................................................... 62
Axiaal coderen ........................................................................................................................................................ 62
Selectief coderen ..................................................................................................................................................... 63
Vragenlijstontwikkeling validiteit ........................................................................................................................... 66

Hoofdstuk 13: literatuurstudie................................................................................................ 66
Hoofdstuk 14: belangrijke vragen .......................................................................................... 68
Reden afbakening populatie ................................................................................................................................... 69
Wetenschappelijke Redenen ................................................................................................................................... 69

Praktische Redenen ............................................................................................................................................ 69

Ethische Redenen................................................................................................................................................ 69

Methodologische Redenen ............................................................................................................................... 70

Regulatoire Redenen .......................................................................................................................................... 70

Hoofdstuk14: Begrippenlijst ................................................................................................... 70




5

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