AQA GCSE Biology Paper 2| Questions Answered 100% Correct| Rated A
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Course
AQA GCSE Biolog
Institution
AQA GCSE Biolog
What is the role of the kidneys. - ANSWER Kidneys make urine by taking unwanted waste
products out of your blood. They are involved in selective reabsorption.
Name three things that are re-absorbed by the kidneys into the blood. - ANSWER
Glucose, water and ions.
Name three things that are remov...
AQA GCSE Biology Paper 2| Questions
Answered 100% Correct| Rated A
What is the role of the kidneys. - ANSWER Kidneys make urine by taking unwanted waste
products out of your blood. They are involved in selective reabsorption.
Name three things that are re-absorbed by the kidneys into the blood. - ANSWER
Glucose, water and ions.
Name three things that are removed from the body in the urine. - ANSWER Urea, water
and ions.
What is deamination? - ANSWER Proteins (excess amino acids) cannot be stored by the body.
Excess amino acids are converted to fats and carbohydrates. This occurs in the liver.
What is produced as a waste product of deamination? - ANSWER Ammonia is produced as
a waste product. Ammonia is toxic so it is converted into urea in the liver.
What hormone controls the amount of water absorbed by the kidneys? - ANSWER ADH
What happens when the concentration of water in the blood is too low. I.e. the Blood is MORE
concentrated. - ANSWER Receptors in the hypothalamus detects the water content is too low.
The coordinator in the brain receives the information and coordinates a response. The pituitary
gland produces MORE (Anti-diuretic hormone) ADH, which makes the kidney tubule MORE
permeable. This means that MORE water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The kidneys
produce a small volume of concentrated urine.
,What happens when the concentration of water in the blood is too high. I.e. the Blood is
dilute/LESS concentrated. - ANSWER Receptors in the hypothalamus detects the water content
is too high. The coordinator in the brain receives the information and coordinates a response.
The pituitary gland produced LESS ADH, which makes the kidney tubule LESS permeable. This
means that LESS water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The kidneys produce a large
volume of dilute urine.
How does a dialysis machine work? - ANSWER In a dialysis machine the patients blood flows
between a partially permeable membrane surrounded by dialysis fluid. The dialysis fluid
contains the same concentration of dissolved ions and glucose as healthy blood. This means
they won't be lost from the blood during dialysis. Only wastes such as urea and excess ions
and waters diffuse across the barrier.
What is the purpose of the partially permeable membrane in the dialysis machine. - ANSWER
To only allow small soluble molecules (e.g. urea, water and ions) to move into the dialysis fluid,
not large molecules like proteins.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a kidney transplant over dialysis? - ANSWER
Kidney transplants are a cure, but they can be rejected. Patients are treated with
immunosuppressants. People are not always on the donor list, relatives have to agree to the
donation. Transplants are cheaper than dialysis to the NHS. Long waiting lists for transplants.
Patients have to spend 3-4 hours a day, 3 x a week which can have a negative impact on
their quality of life.
What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER 1) Menstruation-the uterus lining
breaks down
2) The uterus lining builds up again
3) Ovulation-Around day 14 a egg is released from an ovary.
4) The wall is maintained for about 14 days until day 28. If the egg has not been fertilised and
implanted into the uterus lining it breaks down.
What is the role of FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) in the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER Made
in the pituitary gland.
,Causes a egg to mature in one of the ovaries in a structure called a follicle.
Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen.
What is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER Produced by the ovaries.
Causes the lining of the uterus to grow. Stimulates the release of LH (which causes
ovulation) and inhibits the release of FSH.
What is the role of LH (Luteinising hormone) in the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER Produced in
the pituitary gland.
Stimulates the release of an egg (ovulation) at day 14.
What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER Produced by the ovary
by the remains of the follicle. Maintains the lining of the uterus. When the level of
progesterone falls the lining of the uterus breaks down. Inhibits the release of LH and FSH.
Where is testosterone produced? - ANSWER In the testes.
How does the contraception pill work? - ANSWER Contains oestrogen and progesterone. Taking
oestrogen every day prevents the release of an egg by inhibiting FSH. Progesterone reduces
fertility by stimulating the production of thick sticky mucus at the cervix preventing the sperm
getting to the egg.
What are the side effects of the pill? - ANSWER Headaches and nausea. Still contract STIs.
What is the contraceptive patch? - ANSWER Contains same hormones as the pill. Patch is
stuck under the skin (5cm x 5cm). Each patch lasts a week.
What is the contraceptive implant/injection? - ANSWER Implant is inserted under the skin.
Releases progesterone. Can last for 3 years. Injection lasts less time 2-3 months.
, What is an intrauterine device? - ANSWER Is a T shaped device that is inserted into the uterus
to kill sperm and prevent implantation of the fertilised egg.
Name three barrier methods, non hormonal methods of contraception. - ANSWER Male and
female condom, diaphragm, spermicide
What is the diaphragm? - ANSWER A plastic cup that fits over the cervix (opening to the
womb) to form a barrier.
How does spermicide work? - ANSWER It kills or disables the sperm.
Name a permanent ways to avoid pregnancy. - ANSWER Abstinence (not having
sex), sterilisation which is having Fallopian tubes or sperm duct cut.
How does IVF work to help infertile couples? - ANSWER FSH and LH are given to a woman to
help eggs mature and release. Eggs are then collected from a woman's ovaries. The eggs are
fertilised in a lab with the man's sperm. The fertilised eggs are grown into embryos in an
incubator. The 1-2 embryos are then transferred to the woman's uterus to increase chance of
pregancy.
What are the pros and cons of IVF? - ANSWER PRO: Gives an infertile couple a child.
CON: Multiple births, these are risky, more chance of still birth and miscarriage.
CON: Success rate is low
CON: Emotionally and physically stressful
CON: Side effects of hormones e.g. abdominal pain
What are the ethical concerns linked to IVF? - ANSWER IVF leads to unused embryos which
are destroyed or used for medical research. (Potential life).
Genetic testing could be carried out on the embryo which could lead to designed babies.
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