ARDMS ABDOMEN Board Exam Review|Questions with Complete Verified Solutions/Answers
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Course
Ardms abdomen
Institution
Ardms Abdomen
4 types of aneurysms - Berry [saccular] : focal outpouching on one side of the vessel
(*least common type) — usually left lateral
Fusiform : symmetrical bulging on all sides of vessel (*most common type) — most
often infrarenal with thrombus within the lumen
Dissecting/Arterial dissection: ...
ARDMS ABDOMEN Board Exam
Review|Questions with Complete Verified
Solutions/Answers
4 types of aneurysms - ✔Berry [saccular] : focal outpouching on one side of the vessel
(*least common type) — usually left lateral
Fusiform : symmetrical bulging on all sides of vessel (*most common type) — most
often infrarenal with thrombus within the lumen
Dissecting/Arterial dissection: tear in the intimal layer. See an intraluminal flap (double
channel of flow or echogenic line running parallel to vessel wall) — ⭐ large risk factor is
having ' (long limbs, collagen disorder)
Mycotic : !due to an infection! in the vessel wall (surgery, immunosuppressed, IV drug use) —
usually located suprarenal
True lumen vs False lumen - ✔True lumen: the true or original channel within a vessel
False lumen: the residual channel of a vessel created by the accumulation of a clot within that
vessel
Pulmonary emboli - ✔A blood clot that has traveled to the lungs and is obstructing
the pulmonary arterial circulation ; most often the result of a DVT
IVC filter - ✔filter placed in the IVC to prevent
,Most common location of AAA - ✔Inferior to take off of renal arteries
Sonographic appearance of AAA - ✔- widening of aorta (diameter usually >3cm)
- free fluid
- true lumen and a false lumen (measure both)
- aorta will be significantly larger than IVC
Surveillance + treatment options for AAA - ✔3.0-3.9cm — every 2 years
4.0-4.9cm — annual
4.6-5.0cm — biannual
>5.0cm — every 3 months
Treatment: EVAR, graft, medications
4 types of endograft leaks - ✔Type I : ineffective seal at attachment site, leak at either end
of graft
Type II : retrograde flow in a branch vessel that fills sac
Type III : leak from a defect in the graft
Type IV : porous graft or micro leak in graft material (graft allows for seepage/leakage/defect)
Median arcuate ligament syndrome - ✔Result of compression during EXPIRATION and
is relieved with INSPIRATION
- ‼ increase in CELIAC PSV with EXPIRATION and NORMAL w/ INSPIRATION‼
- more common in females
Most common location for ulcer (arterial vs venous) - ✔ARTERIAL: Bottom of the foot
OR ulcers around toes
,VENOUS: Around the ankle (because of hydrostatic pressure)
Risk factors for AAA - ✔- atherosclerosis
- smoking
- hypertension
- family history
- males>
Splanchnic artery aneurysms - ✔Aneurysms in the arteries arising from the celiac
(CHA, Splenic A, and Left gastric A), as well as SMA or IMA
- **most common is — most are true aneurysms, Saccular, and arise at the splenic hilum (risk
factors: trauma, nearby inflammation resulting in false aneurysm, Mycotic aneurysm caused by
infection)
Nutcracker phenomenon - ✔Compressive of the Left renal vein by the aorta + SMA
- symptoms such as hematuria, left flank pain, feeling dizzy when standing up
Causes of renal vein enlargement - ✔• Nutcracker syndrome : compression of LRV by the
SMA+aorta = results in renal vein enlargement because the blood flow being drained from
the left kidney has little room to go anywhere if the vein is squeezed off on its way to the IVC
• due to AAA
• clotting disorders
• dehydration
• estrogen use
• ⭐ **most common cause: (group of symptoms including protein in urine, low blood
protein levels in blood, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, increased blood clot
risk and swelling)
Most common hepatic artery variant - ✔‼ Replaced RIGHT hepatic artery arising off of SMA
, Or
Arising directly off of aorta
For left: Replaced left hepatic artery arising off of left gastric A
What is Left replaced hepatic artery - ✔Left hepatic artery arising from somewhere other
than Celiac, such as the left gastric artery
Does the IVC have tributaries? - ✔Tributaries examples: iliac veins, renal veins, gonadal veins
Where does the IVC terminate - ✔right atrium
Waveform of a HIGH-grade stenosis appears as - ✔- very high
velocity - aliasing
Cavernous Transformation - ✔Collaterals that develop in response to obstruction of the
portal vein due to thrombosis
The Right gastric artery arises off the ____ - ✔Common hepatic artery
Principle site of peripheral resistance in normal circulation - ✔Arterioles
If the radius of a vessel is decreased by 1/4, the pressure is increased by - ✔16 times
(Resistance is INVERSELY related to the radius of a vessel then )
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