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Nur 412 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Answers
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Cardiac biomarkers definition When cells are injured they release their contents, including enzymes and other proteins, into circulation. These are useful in the diagnosis of ACS Cardiac-specific troponin heart muscle protein released into circulation after injury or infarction Two types of cardi...

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  • August 28, 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nur 412 exam 1 practice questions and answers
  • cardiac biomarkers definition when cells are inju
  • cardiac specific troponin heart muscle protein re

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Nur 412 Exam 1 Practice Questions and
Answers
Cardiac biomarkers definition ✅When cells are injured they release their contents,
including enzymes and other proteins, into circulation. These are useful in the diagnosis
of ACS

Cardiac-specific troponin ✅heart muscle protein released into circulation after injury or
infarction

Two types of cardiac specific troponin ✅_troponin T (cTnT)
-Troponin I (cTnI)

When do cardiac specific troponin levels rise? ✅Myocardial infarction or injury
-Detectible within hours (avg of 4-6), peak within 10-24 and can be detectible for up to
14 days

Specific CK heart biomarker ✅CK-MB

When does CK-MB rise? ✅Specific for MI injury
-Levels begin to increase 3-6 hours after symptom onset, peak in 12-24, and are back
to baseline within 12-48 hours after MI

Myoglobin ✅lacks specificity for MI and usefulness in diagnosing MI is limited

When does myoglobin rise? ✅sensitive indicator of very early MI

What does C-reactive protein measure? ✅produced by the liver during periods of
acute inflammation

When does CRP rise? ✅increased levels have been linked with the presence of
atherosclerosis and the first occurrence of a cardiac event.

What is hemocyseine ✅AN amino acid that is produced during protein catabolism

Higher levels of hemocyseine have been linked to what? ✅Higher risks of CVAD,
peripheral vascular resistance, and stroke
-Test for this when family predisposition for early CVD or a history of CVD in absence of
other common risk factors

Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers ✅-Atrial natriuretic peptide (from thr atrium)

, -B-type natriuretic peptide (From the ventricles) Heart failure
-C-type natriuretic peptide (from endothelial and renal epithelial cells)

What is the marker of choice for distinguishing a cardiac or respiratory cause of
dyspnea? ✅BNP

Normal BNP level ✅<100 pg/mL

low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ✅bad cholesterol

Normal LDL levels ✅<100 mg/dL

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) ✅good cholesterol

Normal HDL levels ✅÷<40

When is statin therapy recommended ✅-Pts with known CVD
-LDL cholesterol >190
-Age 40-75 w/ diabetes and LDL 70-189
-Age 40-75 with LDL 70-189 and 10 year risk for CVD at least 7.5%

Category of drugs that restrict lipoprotein production ✅HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors:
Statins

What do statins do? ✅Inhibit cholesterol synthesis, decrease LDL, increase HDL, and
lower CRP

What is the most potent statin and what are the risks ✅Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Serious adverse effects (rare): Liver damage (liver enzymes) and myalgia

Niacin ✅Used in care for CAD
-Reduces LDL and triglycerides by inhibiting synthesis
-Increases HDL
-Side effects: flushing, pruritis, GI symptoms, orthostatic hypotension

Gemfibrozil (Lopid) ✅Used in care of CAD
-Reduces triglycerides, increases HDL
-Increases bleeding with warfarin and effects of antihyperglycemic drugs (repaglinide)

Ezetimibe (Zetia) ✅Used in care of CAD
-Decreases absorption of dietary biliary cholesterol; COMBINE with statins

Clopidogrel (Plavix) ✅Used in care of CAD
-Antiplatelet therapy

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