D115 Renal/Uro || Questions and 100% Accurate Answers.
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Course
D115 Renal/Uro
Institution
D115 Renal/Uro
All of the following electrolyte disorders are commonly found in a patient with chronic renal failure, except:
Hypernatremia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypophosphatemia correct answers Hypophosphatemia
Feedback:Electrolyte disorders commonly seen in patients with chronic renal failure include h...
D115 Renal/Uro || Questions and 100% Accurate Answers.
All of the following electrolyte disorders are commonly found in a patient with chronic renal
failure, except:
Hypernatremia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypophosphatemia correct answers Hypophosphatemia
Feedback:Electrolyte disorders commonly seen in patients with chronic renal failure include
hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and bicarbonate deficiency.
The advanced practice nurse sees a 78-year-old patient who has complaints of fatigue and
difficulty emptying his bladder. Examination reveals a distended bladder but is otherwise
unremarkable. The BUN is 88mg/dL; the creatinine is 2.8mg/dL. This clinical assessment is
most consistent with:
prerenal azotemia
acute glomerulonephritis
acute tubular necrosis
postrenal azotemia correct answers postrenal azotemia
Feedback:Postrenal azotemia refers to elevations in BUN and creatinine levels resulting from
obstruction of the collecting system. This obstruction to flow leads to reversal of the Starling
forces responsible for glomerular filtration.
The APN sees a 68-year-old woman with heart failure. She has complaints of tachycardia.
Assessment reveals S3 heart sound, basilar crackles bilaterally, BP 90/68 mmHg, BUN is 58
mg/dL, creatinine is 2.4 mg/dL. This clinical presentation is most consistent with:
prerenal azotemia
acute glomerulonephritis
tubular necrosis
postrenal azotemia correct answers prerenal azotemia
Feedback:Prerenal azotemia refers to elevations in BUN and creatinine levels resulting from
problems in the systemic circulation that decrease flow to the kidneys. This decreased renal flow
stimulates salt and water retention to restore volume and pressure.
6.Which of the following patient is the most likely candidate to initiate dialysis due to chronic
kidney disease?
A 46-year-old man with hypertension and GFR=42 mL/min
A 64-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and GFR=28 mL/min
A 76-year-old man with anemia and GFR=55 mL/min
A 58-year-old woman with heart disease and GFR=46 mL/min correct answers A 64-year-old
woman with type 2 diabetes and GFR=28 mL/min
Feedback:The most common cause of kidney failure are diabetes and hypertension. In presence
of these risk factors, the lower the GFR, the higher priority for dialysis.
7.Which of the following correctly explains the primary mechanism of damage in diabetic
nephropathy?
, The formation of advanced glycation end products damages glomeular structures
immune activation occurs due to hypergylcyemia
elevated levels of transforming growth factor B cause inflammation
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) promotes fibrosis due to hyperglycemia
correct answers The formation of advanced glycation end products damages glomeular structures
Feedback:The primary mechanism of damage in diabetic nephropathy is the formation of
advanced glycation end products and an increase in oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia.
A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought into the ED with an abdominal wound
with acute blood loss and hypotension. Which of the following mechanisms best describes
control of renal blood flow?
Increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity
Afferent arterioles vasodilate due to myogenic mechanism
Afferent arterioles vasoconstrict due to tubuloglomerular feedback
Angiotensin II levels decrease, promoting vasodilation correct answers Increased sympathetic
vasoconstrictor activity
Feedback:Increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity occurs as a result of hypovolemia and
hypotension, overriding renal autoregulation
The APN is seeing a patient being treated for sepsis. In reviewing the labs, the APN discovers
that the patient has a large increase in serum creatinine. Which of the following is most likely
true?
The client has developed chronic kidney disease
Postrenal kidney damage has occurred
Prerenal kidney damage has occurred
Acute kidney injury has resolved correct answers Prerenal kidney damage has occurred
Feedback:Prerenal kidney damage is a result of inadequate renal blood flow and be due to sepsis,
cardiogenic shock, hemorrhagic shock, or other states of low blood flow.
The APN is reviewing patient records. Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk for
nephrolithiasis?
A 67-year-old male with hypertension and body mass index (BMI) 21
A 32-year-old pregnant female with gestational diabetes
A 43-year-old male with diabetes and BMI 38
A 57-year-old female taking calcium supplements correct answers A 43-year-old male with
diabetes and BMI 38
Feedback:These patients have varying risk factors for nephrolithiasis: male, pregnancy, obesity,
diabetes. The patient with multiple risk factors is at highest risk.
The APN is seeing a patient who has suffered a bone fracture. The APN notes the following
abnormal lab values: serum phosphate level is high and estimated glomerular filtration rate
(eGFR) is 18 mL/min/1.73 m2 of body surface area. Which of the following is most likely?
Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD)
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5
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