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D115- Advanced Pathophysiology || Already Passed.

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D115- Advanced Pathophysiology ||

Herpes Keratitis correct answers -acute onset of severe eye pain, photophobia, and blurred vision in one eye; diagnosed by using fluorescein dye - will appear like fernlike lines on the corneal surface -infection permanently damages corneal epithelium (may result in blindness) -refer to ED or oph...

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herpes keratitis

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D115- Advanced Pathophysiology || Already Passed.
Herpes Keratitis correct answers -acute onset of severe eye pain, photophobia, and blurred vision
in one eye; diagnosed by using fluorescein dye - will appear like fernlike lines on the corneal
surface
-infection permanently damages corneal epithelium (may result in blindness)
-refer to ED or ophthalmologist STAT; avoid steroid ophthalmic drops

2 types of herpes virus that can infect the eyes correct answers 1. Herpes Simplex = Herpes
simplex keratitis
2. Herpes Varicella Zoster/Shingles = Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

Ophthalmological emergency correct answers Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma correct answers -acute onset of severe eye pain accompanied by
headache, N/V, halos around lights, and decreased vision
-mid-dilated pupil that is oval shaped
-cloudy cornea
-fundoscopic examination reveals cupping of the optic nerve
-Refer to ED
-TRUE OPHTHALMOLOGICAL EMERGENCY
-increases ICP

Multiple Sclerosis (optic neuritis) correct answers -new or intermittent loss of vision in one eye
alone or accompanied by nystagmus or other abnormal eye movements
- aphasia, abnormal gait, spasticity, paresthesia
-daily fatigue that worsens throughout the day
-heat worsens symptoms
-has recurrent episodes
-refer to neurologist

Orbital Cellulitis correct answers -acute onset of erythematous swollen eyelid with bulging of the
eyeball and eye pain in affected eye
-abnormal extraocular movement exam with pain on eye movement
-look for hx of recent rhinosinusitis or URI
-caused by acute bacterial infection of the orbital contents
-more common in young children
-SERIOUS COMPLICATION
-Refer to ED

Retinal Detachment correct answers -sudden onset of a shower of floaters associated with
"looking through a curtain" sensation with sudden flashes of light
-refer to ED

Cholesteatoma correct answers -cauliflower like growth in the middle ear. Pt c/o foul smelling
discharge and hearing loss.

, -hx of chronic otitis media infection
-NO tympanic membrane or ossicles are visible on examination because of destruction by tumor
-tumor is not cancerous but it can erode into the bones of the face & damage the facial nerve (CN
VII)
-treated with antibiotics and surgical debridement
-refer to otolaryngologist

Battle Sign correct answers -Raccoon eyes
-periorbital ecchymosis
-bruising behind the ear- mastoid area 2-3 days after trauma
-look for clear golden serous discharge from the area or nose
-rule out basilar and/or temporal bone skull fracture, basilar skull fractures can cause intracranial
hemorrhage
-refer to ED

(CSF) Clear golden fluid discharge from the nose/ear correct answers -Indicative of a basilar
skull fracture. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) slowly leaks through the fracture.
-Testing the fluid with a urine dipstick will show that it is positive for glucose, whereas plain
mucus or mucopurulent drainage will be negative.
-Refer to ED.

Diphtheria correct answers -sore throat, fever, and markedly swollen neck
-"bull neck"
-low grade fever, hoarseness, and dysphagia
-posterior pharynx, tonsils, uvula, and soft palate are coated with a gray to yellow colored
pseudomembrane that is hard to displace
-very contagious
-contact prophylaxis required
-refer to ED

Peritonsillar abscess correct answers -severe sore throat and difficulty swallowing
-odynophagia, trismus, and a "hot potato" voice
-
-refer to ED for incision and drainage

nystagmus correct answers Involuntary rapid eye movements

soft palate (velum) correct answers The muscular tissue in the posterior one-third of the roof of
the mouth that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity when raised and in contact with the
posterior pharyngeal wall

hard palate correct answers bony anterior (front) portion of the palate

cobblestoning correct answers a lumpy appearance of the pharynx

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