Pediatric Primary Care Burns Exam 4
Questions with Correct Answers
There are many illnesses that are less likely to occur if babe is breastfed, what are
these? - Answer-gastro, NEC, AOM, LRTIs, asthma, atopy, DM, SIDS, leukemia
At what age should birth wt be doubled? - Answer-5-6 months
At what age should birth wt be tripled? - Answer-1 yr
First few days, a neonate should void? - Answer-1-3 times
By day 4 the neonate should void? - Answer-4-6
Regular urine output of neonate is? - Answer-4-6 times per day
Stool output of typical neonate? - Answer-2-3
How much water loss can be life threatening to a child? - Answer-10%
What does sodium regulate in the body? - Answer-ECF volume, osmolarity, acid-base
balance, membrane potential of cells
How is sodium lost out of body? - Answer-vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration
Role of potassium in the body? - Answer-helps maintain intracellular homeostasis,
muscle contractility, transmission of nerve impulses
Severe deficit of potassium can cause? - Answer-cardiac dysrhythmias/death
What is the role of chloride in the body? - Answer-function with sodium to maintain
fluid/electrolyte balance
What is advice regarding comfort feeding? - Answer-avoid
How much exercise should a child have? - Answer-60 minutes mod/high per day
Benefits of vegetarianism - Answer-lower obesity, heart disease, and DM rates
What can be deficient in a vegan diet? What 2 are the highest? - Answer-protein, B12,
iron, Ca++, zinc, riboflavin, vit D; B12, zinc
What can become of fetus with B12 and zinc deficiency? - Answer-possible permanent
neuro damage
,What BMI percentile is considered overweight? - Answer-85-95th
What BMI percentile is considered obese? - Answer-95th or higher
Primary goal of pediatric wt management? - Answer-normalize, not reduce
Complications of obesity in children? - Answer-Hypertension obstructive sleep apnea ,
OSA, orthopedic issues, depression, suicide
How long should a food recall or diary be kept for assessment? - Answer-3 days
Children aged 5 to 9 who have contact with same or opposite sexes, play sex games, or
idea about sex - parents should be? - Answer-parents should avoid being overly
alarmed if they witness this play.
*parents can redirect play*
At around what AGE do children giggle and learn more about SEX and sexuality? -
Answer-Age 8
At what age does self-stimulation as a result of sexual reflexes due to sexual fantasies,
behavior and relationships? - Answer-10-12 year olds
The biggest reason adolescents do not seek healthcare for sexual education is due to?
- Answer-Confidentiality
How should you ask an adolescent with concrete cognitive abilities about sexual
history? - Answer-"Have you ever had a romantic relationship with a boy or a girl"
"Define Sex"
Early Adolescents (age 12 to 14) are concrete thinkers and cannot get to the abstract
thought of "what if". How should sexual education be given to them? - Answer-Use
pictures and direct questions and statements
Use simple concert terms when counseling
Mid-adolescents (age 15 to 17) are starting to understand abstract concepts, but will
often refresh to concrete thinking in stressful situations. How should the provider speak
to them? - Answer-They need to adjust the approach to mid-adolescents accordingly,
help them to identify the inconsistencies in their thought processes and guide them
through to the logical consequences.
how often should a helmet be replaced? - Answer-every 5 years or sooner
For Preparticipation physical examination (PPE), what should the provider do if the
parent disagrees with the providers advise to refrain from participation? - Answer-obtain
a Signed Informed consent from the pt's guardian.
,Which cardiac conditions may warrant an athlete to seek a cardiologist before
performing in Physical activity/sports? - Answer-Pathologic murmur, EKG dysrhythmias,
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Coronary artery abnormalities, carditis, marfans, ehlers-
danlos, mitral valve prolapse.
How should diabetics monitor their glucose with physical activity? - Answer-before,
q30min during, and 15 min after exercise & Before bedtime
What should the Physical exam include? - Answer-The musculoskeletal Examination
General Head to toe (generalized focus on Cardiac and Neuro)
What is the 90-second musculoskeletal exam? - Answer-+Standing Posture & shoulder
- acromioclavicular alignment
+ Cervical ROM
+ Shoulder Shrug/strength
+ Elbow ROM/strength
+ supination/pronation ROM & Hand clench test
+ Stand & bend at knee to chest
+ Squat test
+ Lumbar ROM/Scoliosis
+ Tip/Toe Calf Symmetry
What cardiovascular examinations should be done for sports physical? (4) - Answer-
Auscultate for heart murmur (sitting/lying/standing)
Femoral Pulses
Marfan's Sx's
Bilateral blood pressure
What occurs with people WITHOUT diabetes when they exercise? - Answer-exercise
leads to decreased plasma insulin levels and increased glucagon that triggers hepatic
glucose production.
What happens with Type 1 diabetics when they exercise? Pathophys? - Answer-
diabetic individuals who have too little insulin in their system exercise can trigger
release of high levels of glucose and Keytone bodies, leading to hyperglycemia and
eventually DKA
What is the most concerning clinical issue with infectious mononucleosis? - Answer-
Splenomegaly
How long should nothing stay out for sports if they are diagnosed with infectious
mononucleosis? - Answer-Three weeks
About 15% of children with down syndrome can have what? - Answer-Atlantoaxial or
anlanto-occipital instability
, *anomaly of the Cervical vertebrae at the space between C-1 and C-2
How are asymptomatic cases of Atlantoaxial Instability screen? - Answer-by obtaining
lateral radiographic views of the C-spine
What does the female athlete triad consist of? - Answer-1. Disordered eating patterns
2. Menstrual dysfunction (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea)
3. Osteopenia or osteoporosis
Why is co-sleeping discouraged? - Answer-Risk of SIDS
What is the best sleeping position for infants? - Answer-Supine
At 6 months, infants are able to go how long with out eating over the night? - Answer-6
to 12 hours
at Ages 2 to 4 months, what should parents try doing with night time sleeping? -
Answer-Try to delay and then discontinue middle-of-the-night feedings.
Encourage self-soothing
How should parents manage Sleep-onset association disorders? - Answer-Extinction
and Graduated extinction.
When the child awakens and cries in the night, *the parent should go to them briefly
comfort and reassure them, but DO NOT hold, rock, or feed them*
How should sleep refusal be managed? - Answer-Positive routines.
Set limits on the child's demands for attention.
What are the 3 recommendations for sleep-cycle problems? - Answer-1. keep nighttime
routine, but awaken child earlier in 15 minute increments
2. Older child or Adolescent - better to go forward in time, have child remain awake until
the next evening & then go to bed at the desired hour, beginning the desired routine
from that point.
3. Keep a sleep log to document gradual change.
Normal newborn infants weight will do what in the first few days of life? - Answer-they'll
lose 5-8% of their birthweight
One criterion for failure to thrive is? - Answer-Lack of return
What should happen to infant weight by 6 months and 12 months? - Answer-Double
and Triple in weight
What age should you introduce solid foods? - Answer-6 months
