This document contains the lecture notes of the lectures of Computation I, conveniently organized on lecture, subject and field (CA or C programming). The lecture notes are a compact summary of the lectures, which incorporates all the important topics, useful definitions and added hints from the te...
Computer architecture
Lecture 1 (5/9) – Introduction (CH 1)
Parts of a computer (hardware)
- Motherboard
, o (micro) Processor(s)
CPU (central processor unit)
Datapath
Control
Special-purpose IOs: interfaces
Memory interface (DRAM)
Cache memory
IO input-output interfaces
o Chipset – makes sure the board works in sync communication between parts
o Memory slots
o PCI slots – for peripherical devices to connect
o Peripherical interfaces (all kinds of ports to devices etc.)
Programming/ controlling a computer
- Input and output consists of binary system: 0s and 1s
o Used to be the only way to program
Lecture 2 (10/9) – Binary numbers/ MIPS & ISA (CH 2 & 3)
Binary numbers
- MSB: most significant bit
o On the most left position
- LSB: least significant bit
o On the most right position
- How to calculate decimal number from bits:
n
∑ ai∗2i
i=0
Where
o i is position (counting from the right, starting at 0)
o a is binary number
- Sorts/ sizes
o 4 bits = nibble
o 8 bits = byte
o 16 bits = C short int
o 32 bits = ‘word’
- How to find binary number from decimal:
o Keep dividing by two, and write down the remainder per division (so either 0 or 1)
o The first divisions give you the end of the binary number (so you work backwards)
o Keep doing so until you get 0 as the end result of the division
- How to get hexadecimal from binary:
o Take 4 bits of binary number and convert into one hexadecimal
o Continue until number is done
- How to express negative numbers
o Sign magnitude
MSB expresses sign (1=minus, 0=+)
o One’s complement
Negative numbers are the other way around
0’s become 1’s and vice versa
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